TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raijmakers, Luc H. J.
AU  - Danilov, Dmitri L.
AU  - Lammeren, Joop P. M. van
AU  - Lammers, Thieu J. G.
AU  - Bergveld, Henk Jan
AU  - Notten, Peter H. L.
TI  - Non-Zero Intercept Frequency: An Accurate Method to Determine the Integral Temperature of Li-Ion Batteries
JO  - IEEE transactions on industrial electronics
VL  - 63
IS  - 5
SN  - 1557-9948
CY  - New York, NY
PB  - IEEE
M1  - FZJ-2016-03485
SP  - 3168 - 3178
PY  - 2016
AB  - A new impedance-based approach is introduced in which the integral battery temperature is related to other frequencies than the recently developed zero-intercept frequency (ZIF). The advantage of the proposed non-ZIF (NZIF) method is that measurement interferences, resulting from the current flowing through the battery (pack), can be avoided at these frequencies. This gives higher signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and, consequently, more accurate temperature measurements. A theoretical analysis, using an equivalent circuit model of a Li-ion battery, shows that NZIFs are temperature dependent in a way similar to the ZIF and can therefore also be used as a battery temperature indicator. To validate the proposed method, impedance measurements have been performed with individual LiFePO4 batteries and with large LiFePO4 battery packs tested in a full electric vehicle under driving conditions. The measurement results show that the NZIF is clearly dependent on the integral battery temperature and reveals a similar behavior to that of the ZIF method. This makes it possible to optimally adjust the NZIF method to frequencies with the highest SNR.
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000374164600050
DO  - DOI:10.1109/TIE.2016.2516961
UR  - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/810911
ER  -