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@ARTICLE{Kleiner:810962,
      author       = {Kleiner, Karin and Jakes, Peter and Scharner, Sebastian and
                      Liebau, Verena and Ehrenberg, Helmut},
      title        = {{C}hanges of the balancing between anode and cathode due to
                      fatigue in commercial lithium-ion cells},
      journal      = {Journal of power sources},
      volume       = {317},
      issn         = {0378-7753},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-03518},
      pages        = {25 - 34},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {The electrode balancing defines the state of charge (SoC)
                      of a lithium-ion cell and is a crucial point considering
                      lifetime and safe operation. The electrode balancing varies
                      during fatigue which results in changes of the individual
                      electrode potentials for fixed (dis-)charge voltages of the
                      full-cell. Therefore the materials are cycled closer or
                      beyond their electrochemical (meta-)stability window. This
                      leads to accelerated degradation reactions or even to safety
                      problems. The origin of the changes in the cell balancing is
                      the limited amount of mobile lithium, which decreases during
                      cycling due to the loss of lithiated active material a), the
                      reduction of accessible lattice sites in the active
                      materials b) and the loss of active lithium outside the
                      electrodes c). In most of the commercial cells a) and b) can
                      be attributed to the cathode, c) occurs due to reactions on
                      the anode surface. Changes in the electrode balancing of
                      three differently fatigued 7 Ah lithium-ion cells are
                      investigated by electrochemical cycling of full- and
                      half-cells, assembled from cell components of the fatigued 7
                      Ah cells. Based on these results the observed performance
                      drop is assigned to a), b) or c) mentioned above and the
                      capacity losses are quantified.},
      cin          = {IEK-9},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000375823400004},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.03.049},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/810962},
}