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| Contribution to a book | FZJ-2016-03520 |
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2016
Elsevier
Amsterdam
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Please use a persistent id in citations: doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-409547-2.11003-0
Abstract: Friction is a critical issue and progress in the field has been hindered by the complex mechanical, physical, and chemical interactions that occur when two surfaces slide against each other, often in the presence of lubricants, foreign materials, and debris. The advent of nanotechnology has significantly affected the ability for tribologists, or those working to understand friction, to simplify experiments and study the origin of friction at the atomic and molecular scale. Furthermore, fundamental experiments allow for more accurate comparison with analytical models and computer simulations. Most recently, lubricants as thin as one atomic layer have been proven to lubricate mechanical contacts almost as effectively as their bulk counter parts, although the mechanism of friction may differ. Beyond the ability for these lubricants to be applied to microscaled mechanical systems or microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), they present an interesting opportunity to understand exactly how lubricants reduce friction in real systems that can be examined at the nanometer length scale. In this manuscript, two techniques that have been most successfully applied to examine friction and lubrication properties at the nanoscale, namely atomic force microscopy (AFM) and surface force apparatus (SFA), are introduced. Following an overview of basic concepts of nanotribology, the discussion of results from recent experimental studies of atomically thin lubricants is focused on graphene and ionic liquids.
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