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@ARTICLE{Hecht:810970,
      author       = {Hecht, Vera Lisa and Temperton, Vicky and Nagel, Kerstin
                      and Rascher, Uwe and Postma, Johannes Auke},
      title        = {{S}owing {D}ensity: {A} {N}eglected {F}actor
                      {F}undamentally {A}ffecting {R}oot {D}istribution and
                      {B}iomass {A}llocation of {F}ield {G}rown {S}pring {B}arley
                      ({H}ordeum {V}ulgare {L}.)},
      journal      = {Frontiers in Functional Plant Ecology},
      volume       = {7},
      issn         = {1664-462X},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media88991},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-03525},
      pages        = {944},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Studies on the function of root traits and the genetic
                      variation in these traits are often conducted under
                      controlled conditions using individual potted plants. Little
                      is known about root growth under field conditions and how
                      root traits are affected by agronomic practices in
                      particular sowing density. We hypothesized that with
                      increasing sowing density, root length density (root length
                      per soil volume, cm cm−3) increases in the topsoil as well
                      as specific root length (root length per root dry weight, cm
                      g−1) due to greater investment in fine roots. Therefore,
                      we studied two spring barley cultivars at ten different
                      sowing densities (24–340 seeds m−2) in 2 consecutive
                      years in a clay loam field in Germany and established sowing
                      density dose-response curves for several root and shoot
                      traits. We took soil cores for measuring roots up to a depth
                      of 60 cm in and between plant rows (inter-row distance 21
                      cm). Root length density increased with increasing sowing
                      density and was greatest in the plant row in the topsoil
                      (0–10 cm). Greater sowing density increased specific root
                      length partly through greater production of fine roots in
                      the topsoil. Rooting depth (D50) of the major root axes
                      (root diameter class 0.4–1.0 mm) was not affected. Root
                      mass fraction decreased, while stem mass fraction increased
                      with sowing density and over time. Leaf mass fraction was
                      constant over sowing density but greater leaf area was
                      realized through increased specific leaf area. Considering
                      fertilization, we assume that light competition caused
                      plants to grow more shoot mass at the cost of investment
                      into roots, which is partly compensated by increased
                      specific root length and shallow rooting. Increased biomass
                      per area with greater densities suggest that density
                      increases the efficiency of the cropping system, however,
                      declines in harvest index at densities over 230 plants m−2
                      suggest that this efficiency did not translate into greater
                      yield. We conclude that plant density is a modifier of root
                      architecture and that root traits and their utility in
                      breeding for greater productivity have to be understood in
                      the context of high sowing densities.},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {582 - Plant Science (POF3-582)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-582},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000378603200001},
      pubmed       = {pmid:27446171},
      doi          = {10.3389/fpls.2016.00944},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/810970},
}