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@BOOK{Chaouadi:811301,
      author       = {Chaouadi, Rachid},
      title        = {{N}eutron-{I}rradiation + {H}elium {H}ardening $\&$
                      {E}mbrittlement {M}odeling of $9\%{C}r-{S}teels$ in an
                      {E}ngineering {P}erspective ({HELENA})},
      volume       = {20},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-03796},
      isbn         = {978-3-89336-545-6},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich / Reihe Energie
                      $\&$ Umwelt},
      pages        = {XIII, 138 S. : graph. Darst.},
      year         = {2008},
      abstract     = {This report provides a physically–based engineering model
                      to estimate the radiationhardening of $9\%Cr–steels$ under
                      both displacement damage (dpa) and helium. The modelis
                      essentially based on the dispersed barrier hardening theory
                      and the dynamic re–solutionof helium under displacement
                      cascades. However, a number of assumptions
                      andsimplifications were considered to obtain a simple
                      description of irradiation hardeningand embrittlement
                      primarily relying on the available experimental data. As a
                      result, twocomponents were basically identified, the dpa
                      component that can be associated withblack dots and small
                      loops and the He–component accounting for helium bubbles.
                      Thedpa component is strongly dependent on the irradiation
                      temperature and its dependencelaw was based on a
                      first–order annealing kinetics. The damage accumulation
                      law wasalso modified to take saturation into account.
                      Finally, the global kinetics of the damageaccumulation kept
                      defined, its amplitude is fitted to one experimental
                      condition. Themodel was rationalized on an experimental
                      database that mainly consists of $~9\%Cr–steels$
                      irradiated in the technologically important temperature
                      range of 50 to 600°C up to50 dpa and with a He-content up
                      to ~5000 appm, including neutron and proton irradiationas
                      well as implantation. The test temperature effect is taken
                      into account through anormalization procedure based on the
                      change of the Young's modulus and the anelasticdeformation
                      that occurs at high temperature. Finally, the
                      hardening–to–embrittlementcorrelation is obtained using
                      the load diagram approach.Despite the large experimental
                      scatter, inherent to the variety of the materials
                      andirradiation as well as testing conditions, the obtained
                      results are very promising.Improvement of the model
                      performance is still possible by including
                      He–hardeningsaturation and high temperature softening but
                      unfortunately, at this stage, a number ofconflicting
                      experimental data reported in literature should first be
                      clarified.},
      keywords     = {Chromstahl (gnd) / Neutronenstrahl (gnd) / Härten (gnd)},
      cin          = {IEF-2 / IEK-2},
      ddc          = {621.48332},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB810 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF3-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/811301},
}