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@ARTICLE{Rosati:811715,
      author       = {Rosati, Bernadette and Gysel, Martin and Rubach, Florian
                      and Mentel, Thomas F. and Goger, Brigitta and Poulain,
                      Laurent and Schlag, Patrick and Miettinen, Pasi and
                      Pajunoja, Aki and Virtanen, Annele and Klein Baltink, Henk
                      and Henzing, J. S. Bas and Größ, Johannes and Gobbi, Gian
                      Paolo and Wiedensohler, Alfred and Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid
                      and Decesari, Stefano and Facchini, Maria Cristina and
                      Weingartner, Ernest and Baltensperger, Urs},
      title        = {{V}ertical profiling of aerosol hygroscopic properties in
                      the planetary boundary layer during the {PEGASOS} campaigns},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {16},
      number       = {11},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-04099},
      pages        = {7295 - 7315},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Vertical profiles of the aerosol particles hygroscopic
                      properties, their mixing state as well as chemical
                      composition were measured above northern Italy and the
                      Netherlands. An aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS; for chemical
                      composition) and a white-light humidified optical particle
                      spectrometer (WHOPS; for hygroscopic growth) were deployed
                      on a Zeppelin NT airship within the PEGASOS project. This
                      allowed one to investigate the development of the different
                      layers within the planetary boundary layer (PBL), providing
                      a unique in situ data set for airborne aerosol particles
                      properties in the first kilometre of the atmosphere.
                      Profiles measured during the morning hours on 20 June 2012
                      in the Po Valley, Italy, showed an increased nitrate
                      fraction at  ∼  100 m above ground level (a.g.l.)
                      coupled with enhanced hygroscopic growth compared to
                       ∼  700 m a. g. l. This result was derived
                      from both measurements of the aerosol composition and direct
                      measurements of the hygroscopicity, yielding hygroscopicity
                      parameters (κ) of 0.34  ±  0.12 and
                      0.19  ±  0.07 for 500 nm particles, at
                       ∼  100 and  ∼  700 m a. g. l.,
                      respectively. The difference is attributed to the structure
                      of the PBL at this time of day which featured several
                      independent sub-layers with different types of aerosols.
                      Later in the day the vertical structures disappeared due to
                      the mixing of the layers and similar aerosol particle
                      properties were found at all probed altitudes (mean
                      κ ≈ 0.18  ±  0.07). The aerosol properties
                      observed at the lowest flight level (100 m a. g. l.)
                      were consistent with parallel measurements at a ground site,
                      both in the morning and afternoon. Overall, the aerosol
                      particles were found to be externally mixed, with a
                      prevailing hygroscopic fraction. The flights near Cabauw in
                      the Netherlands in the fully mixed PBL did not feature
                      altitude-dependent characteristics. Particles were also
                      externally mixed and had an even larger hygroscopic fraction
                      compared to the results in Italy. The mean κ from direct
                      measurements was 0.28 ±  0.10, thus considerably
                      higher than κ values measured in Italy in the fully mixed
                      PBL.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {243 - Tropospheric trace substances and their
                      transformation processes (POF3-243)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-243},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000378354600037},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-16-7295-2016},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/811715},
}