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@PHDTHESIS{Willberg:811743,
      author       = {Willberg, Malte},
      title        = {{G}laslotfügen von {F}estoxid-{B}rennstoffzellen durch
                      {L}aseraufschmelzung},
      volume       = {329},
      school       = {Universität Bochum},
      type         = {Dr.},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-04110},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-157-6},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie $\&$
                      Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
      pages        = {99 S.},
      year         = {2016},
      note         = {Universität Bochum, Diss., 2015},
      abstract     = {Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are usually sealed
                      and joined using glass solder. The sealing material needs to
                      be electrically isolating, mechanically stable at working
                      temperature and during thermal-cycling, and the thermal
                      expansion coefficient needs to be adapted to the materials
                      connected. Glass solder has evolved as the primary sealing
                      material, since it serves the demands best. The sealing of
                      SOFCs is done in a furnace. The sealing and joining
                      temperature must not be significantly higher than the
                      working temperature of the SOFC, otherwise it would get
                      damaged. The choice of glass solders is therefore limited.
                      Furthermore, furnace joining takes a lot of time. Aiming at
                      an economical production, the application of a laser as a
                      heat source for successful joining was examined. This was
                      done to industrialize the SOFC, in the scope of an
                      EU-project for the development of MMLCR=SOFCs (Working
                      towards Mass Manufactured, Low Cost and Robust Solid Oxide
                      Fuel Cell stacks). Without preparation, laser joining can
                      theoretically be done in a few minutes, which bears the
                      potential of cheaper joining. Within this thesis, it was
                      examined how joining with a laser could be done with the
                      same quality of bonds as in furnace joining. The glass
                      solders for laser joining do not need to be the same as
                      those for furnace joining. Thus, higher joining temperatures
                      can be reached with a laser without damaging the SOFC. In
                      this way, glass solders with higher transformation
                      temperatures can be used. Such glass solders can have better
                      properties regarding other demands. Joining of glass solder
                      and steel with a laser was successfully done. The geometry
                      of the steel frames of an SOFC is a big challenge for laser
                      joining, since wetting by glass solder is hardly possible.
                      Successful sealing with a laser also requires thicker steel
                      sheets than those used in mass production.},
      cin          = {IEK-1},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013},
      pnm          = {135 - Fuel Cells (POF3-135) / SOFC - Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
                      (SOFC-20140602) / HITEC - Helmholtz Interdisciplinary
                      Doctoral Training in Energy and Climate Research (HITEC)
                      (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-135 / G:(DE-Juel1)SOFC-20140602 /
                      G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/811743},
}