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@PHDTHESIS{Mukherjee:811744,
      author       = {Mukherjee, Santanu},
      title        = {{A}nalysis of biomixtures to determine the fate of
                      pesticides},
      volume       = {332},
      school       = {Universität Bonn},
      type         = {Dr.},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-04111},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-163-7},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie $\&$
                      Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
      pages        = {xix, 136 S.},
      year         = {2016},
      note         = {Universität Bonn, Diss., 2016},
      abstract     = {Worldwide, water contamination from agricultural use of
                      pesticides has received increasing attention within the last
                      decades. In general, sources of pesticide water pollution
                      are categorized into diffuse (indirect) and point sources
                      (direct). To reduce point pollution from farm yards, where
                      the spray equipment is washed, biobed orbiofilter systems
                      are conventionally used to treat the washing water. The
                      organic material usually used in these systems is often not
                      environmentally sustainable (e.g.peat) and incorporated
                      organic material such as straw leads to a highly
                      heterogeneous water flow, with negative effects on the
                      retention and degradation behavior of the pesticides.
                      Therefore, the objective of this present study was to
                      substitute the classical materials (peat and straw) with
                      bioenergy residues namely biochar and digestate to
                      investigate their effects on fate of pesticides in soil at
                      different mixing ratios. Prior to study the pesticides fate,
                      the microbial respiration was measured over 3 months to gain
                      information about the turnover rate of the organic
                      biomixtures, which can be used as an indirect indicator of
                      the soils/biomixture degradation potential for pesticides
                      and provides information about the long-term stability of
                      the material. Mixtures of biochar and digestate showed an
                      intermediate CO$_{2}$ flux compared to the single addition
                      of biochar or digestate, whereby the oxygen consumption in
                      presence of biochar was generally significantly lower
                      compared to the consumption after addition of digestate
                      only. Additionally, to correlate the microbial respiration
                      with the dissipation (or degradation) potential of
                      pesticides a laboratory incubation study was performed over
                      135 days with three contrasting pesticides (bentazone,
                      boscalid, and pyrimethanil). In general, biochar based
                      mixtures resulted in stronger binding of all studied
                      pesticides, and therefore, ensued higher dissipation. On the
                      other hand, 5 \% and 30 \% digestate based mixtures enhanced
                      mineralization and addition of 5 \% biochar to these
                      mixtures showed a desired balance between stronger
                      sequestration and mineralization for all pesticides. A
                      sorption-desorption study revealed that biochar and
                      digestate based mixtures caused stronger sorption for all
                      compounds compared to bare soil. K$_{d}$ and K$_{oc}$ values
                      of the pesticides were different according to their
                      physico-chemical properties and quality (nature) of organic
                      matter. Desorption was hysteretic for all pesticides.
                      Overall, this thesis elucidated and updated the knowledge of
                      the mechanisms for Cturnover rates of novel biomixtures for
                      biopurification (or biobed) systems along with the long term
                      behavior of three different pesticides and their interaction
                      with these biomixtures. However, future work is required to
                      qualify these mixtures for long-term (>3 yrs) outdoor
                      biofilter constructions under varying hydraulic and chemical
                      conditions.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      urn          = {urn:nbn:de:0001-2016080816},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/811744},
}