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@ARTICLE{Bonn:811811,
      author       = {Bonn, Boris and von Schneidemesser, Erika and Andrich,
                      Dorota and Quedenau, Jörn and Gerwig, Holger and Lüdecke,
                      Anja and Kura, Jürgen and Pietsch, Axel and Ehlers,
                      Christian and Klemp, Dieter and Kofahl, Claudia and Nothard,
                      Rainer and Kerschbaumer, Andreas and Junkermann, Wolfgang
                      and Grote, Rüdiger and Pohl, Tobias and Weber, Konradin and
                      Lode, Birgit and Schönberger, Philipp and Churkina, Galina
                      and Butler, Tim M. and Lawrence, Mark G.},
      title        = {{BAERLIN}2014 – the influence of land surface types on
                      and the horizontal heterogeneity of air pollutant levels in
                      {B}erlin},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {16},
      number       = {12},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-04162},
      pages        = {7785 - 7811},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Urban air quality and human health are among the key
                      aspects of future urban planning. In order to address
                      pollutants such as ozone and particulate matter, efforts
                      need to be made to quantify and reduce their concentrations.
                      One important aspect in understanding urban air quality is
                      the influence of urban vegetation which may act as both
                      emitter and sink for trace gases and aerosol particles. In
                      this context, the "Berlin Air quality and Ecosystem
                      Research: Local and long-range Impact of anthropogenic and
                      Natural hydrocarbons 2014" (BAERLIN2014) campaign was
                      conducted between 2 June and 29 August in the metropolitan
                      area of Berlin and Brandenburg, Germany. The predominant
                      goals of the campaign were (1) the characterization of urban
                      gaseous and particulate pollution and its attribution to
                      anthropogenic and natural sources in the region of interest,
                      especially considering the connection between biogenic
                      volatile organic compounds and particulates and ozone; (2)
                      the quantification of the impact of urban vegetation on
                      organic trace gas levels and the presence of oxidants such
                      as ozone; and (3) to explain the local heterogeneity of
                      pollutants by defining the distribution of sources and sinks
                      relevant for the interpretation of model simulations. In
                      order to do so, the campaign included stationary
                      measurements at urban background station and mobile
                      observations carried out from bicycle, van and airborne
                      platforms. This paper provides an overview of the mobile
                      measurements (Mobile BAERLIN2014) and general conclusions
                      drawn from the analysis. Bicycle measurements showed
                      micro-scale variations of temperature and particulate
                      matter, displaying a substantial reduction of mean
                      temperatures and particulate levels in the proximity of
                      vegetated areas compared to typical urban residential area
                      (background) measurements. Van measurements extended the
                      area covered by bicycle observations and included continuous
                      measurements of O3, NOx, CO, CO2 and point-wise measurement
                      of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at representative sites
                      for traffic- and vegetation-affected sites. The
                      quantification displayed notable horizontal heterogeneity of
                      the short-lived gases and particle number concentrations.
                      For example, baseline concentrations of the traffic-related
                      chemical species CO and NO varied on average by up to ±22.2
                      and $±63.5 \%,$ respectively, on the scale of 100 m
                      around any measurement location. Airborne observations
                      revealed the dominant source of elevated urban particulate
                      number and mass concentrations being local, i.e., not being
                      caused by long-range transport. Surface-based observations
                      related these two parameters predominantly to traffic
                      sources. Vegetated areas lowered the pollutant
                      concentrations substantially with ozone being reduced most
                      by coniferous forests, which is most likely caused by their
                      reactive biogenic VOC emissions. With respect to the overall
                      potential to reduce air pollutant levels, forests were found
                      to result in the largest decrease, followed by parks and
                      facilities for sports and leisure. Surface temperature was
                      generally 0.6–2.1 °C lower in vegetated regions, which
                      in turn will have an impact on tropospheric chemical
                      processes. Based on our findings, effective future
                      mitigation activities to provide a more sustainable and
                      healthier urban environment should focus predominantly on
                      reducing fossil-fuel emissions from traffic as well as on
                      increasing vegetated areas.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {243 - Tropospheric trace substances and their
                      transformation processes (POF3-243)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-243},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000379417300019},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-16-7785-2016},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/811811},
}