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@ARTICLE{Stockinger:811874,
      author       = {Stockinger, Michael P. and Bogena, Heye and Lücke, Andreas
                      and Diekkrüger, Bernd and Cornelissen, Thomas and
                      Vereecken, Harry},
      title        = {{T}racer sampling frequency influences estimates of young
                      water fraction and streamwater transit time distribution},
      journal      = {Journal of hydrology},
      volume       = {541},
      number       = {Part B},
      issn         = {0022-1694},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-04216},
      pages        = {952–964},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {The streamwater transit time distribution (TTD) of a
                      catchment is used to derive insights into the movement of
                      precipitation water via various flow paths to the
                      catchment’s stream. Typically, TTDs are estimated by using
                      the convolution integral to model a weekly tracer signal
                      measured in streamflow. Another approach for evaluating the
                      transit time of water to the catchment stream is the
                      fraction of young water (Fyw) in streamflow that is younger
                      than a certain threshold age, which also relies on tracer
                      data. However, few studies used tracer data with a higher
                      sampling frequency than weekly. To investigate the influence
                      of the sampling frequency of tracer data on estimates of TTD
                      and Fyw, we estimated both indicators for a humid, mesoscale
                      catchment in Germany using tracer data of weekly and higher
                      sampling frequency. We made use of a 1.5 year long time
                      series of daily to sub-daily precipitation and streamwater
                      isotope measurements, which were aggregated to create the
                      weekly resolution data set. We found that a higher sampling
                      frequency improved the stream isotope simulation compared to
                      a weekly one (0.35 vs. 0.24 Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency) and
                      showed more pronounced short-term dynamics in the simulation
                      result. The TTD based on the high temporal resolution data
                      was considerably different from the weekly one with a shift
                      towards faster transit times, while its corresponding mean
                      transit time of water particles was approximately reduced by
                      half (from 9.5 to 5 years). Similar to this, Fyw almost
                      doubled when applying high resolution data compared to
                      weekly one. Thus, the different approaches yield similar
                      results and strongly support each other. This indicates that
                      weekly isotope tracer data lack information about faster
                      water transport mechanisms in the catchment. Thus, we
                      conclude that a higher than weekly sampling frequency should
                      be preferred when investigating a catchment’s water
                      transport characteristics. When comparing TTDs or Fyw of
                      different catchments, the temporal resolution of the used
                      datasets needs to be considered.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000386410400024},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.08.007},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/811874},
}