000817741 001__ 817741 000817741 005__ 20210129224018.0 000817741 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1111/pce.12688 000817741 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a0140-7791 000817741 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1365-3040 000817741 0247_ $$2WOS$$aWOS:000382981100003 000817741 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:4861042 000817741 0247_ $$2pmid$$apmid:26648337 000817741 037__ $$aFZJ-2016-04384 000817741 041__ $$aEnglish 000817741 082__ $$a570 000817741 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHochberg, Uri$$b0$$eCorresponding author 000817741 245__ $$aGrapevine petioles are more sensitive to drought induced embolism than stems: evidence from in vivo MRI and microcomputed tomography observations of hydraulic vulnerability segmentation 000817741 260__ $$aOxford [u.a.]$$bWiley-Blackwell$$c2016 000817741 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000817741 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000817741 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1472044191_26302 000817741 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000817741 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000817741 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000817741 520__ $$aThe ‘hydraulic vulnerability segmentation’ hypothesis predicts that expendable distal organs are more susceptible to water stress-induced embolism than the main stem of the plant. In the current work, we present the first in vivo visualization of this phenomenon. In two separate experiments, using magnetic resonance imaging or synchrotron-based microcomputed tomography, grapevines (Vitis vinifera) were dehydrated while simultaneously scanning the main stems and petioles for the occurrence of emboli at different xylem pressures (Ψx). Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that 50% of the conductive xylem area of the petioles was embolized at a Ψx of −1.54 MPa, whereas the stems did not reach similar losses until −1.9 MPa. Microcomputed tomography confirmed these findings, showing that approximately half the vessels in the petioles were embolized at a Ψx of −1.6 MPa, whereas only few were embolized in the stems. Petioles were shown to be more resistant to water stress-induced embolism than previously measured with invasive hydraulic methods. The results provide the first direct evidence for the hydraulic vulnerability segmentation hypothesis and highlight its importance in grapevine responses to severe water stress. 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