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@ARTICLE{Hochberg:817741,
      author       = {Hochberg, Uri and Albuquerque, Caetano and Rachmilevitch,
                      Shimon and Cochard, Herve and David-Schwartz, Rakefet and
                      Brodersen, Craig R. and McElrone, Andrew and Windt, Carel},
      title        = {{G}rapevine petioles are more sensitive to drought induced
                      embolism than stems: evidence from in vivo {MRI} and
                      microcomputed tomography observations of hydraulic
                      vulnerability segmentation},
      journal      = {Plant, cell $\&$ environment},
      volume       = {39},
      number       = {9},
      issn         = {0140-7791},
      address      = {Oxford [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-04384},
      pages        = {1886 - 1894},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {The ‘hydraulic vulnerability segmentation’ hypothesis
                      predicts that expendable distal organs are more susceptible
                      to water stress-induced embolism than the main stem of the
                      plant. In the current work, we present the first in vivo
                      visualization of this phenomenon. In two separate
                      experiments, using magnetic resonance imaging or
                      synchrotron-based microcomputed tomography, grapevines
                      (Vitis vinifera) were dehydrated while simultaneously
                      scanning the main stems and petioles for the occurrence of
                      emboli at different xylem pressures (Ψx). Magnetic
                      resonance imaging revealed that $50\%$ of the conductive
                      xylem area of the petioles was embolized at a Ψx of
                      −1.54 MPa, whereas the stems did not reach similar
                      losses until −1.9 MPa. Microcomputed tomography
                      confirmed these findings, showing that approximately half
                      the vessels in the petioles were embolized at a Ψx of
                      −1.6 MPa, whereas only few were embolized in the stems.
                      Petioles were shown to be more resistant to water
                      stress-induced embolism than previously measured with
                      invasive hydraulic methods. The results provide the first
                      direct evidence for the hydraulic vulnerability segmentation
                      hypothesis and highlight its importance in grapevine
                      responses to severe water stress. Additionally, these data
                      suggest that air entry through the petiole into the stem is
                      unlikely in grapevines during drought.},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {582 - Plant Science (POF3-582)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-582},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000382981100003},
      pubmed       = {pmid:26648337},
      doi          = {10.1111/pce.12688},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/817741},
}