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@ARTICLE{Kaienburg:817806,
      author       = {Kaienburg, Pascal and Rau, Uwe and Kirchartz, Thomas},
      title        = {{E}xtracting {I}nformation about the {E}lectronic {Q}uality
                      of {O}rganic {S}olar-{C}ell {A}bsorbers from {F}ill {F}actor
                      and {T}hickness},
      journal      = {Physical review applied},
      volume       = {6},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {2331-7019},
      address      = {College Park, Md. [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {American Physical Society},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-04445},
      pages        = {024001},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Understanding the fill factor in organic solar cells
                      remains challenging due to its complex dependence on a
                      multitude of parameters. By means of drift-diffusion
                      simulations, we thoroughly analyze the fill factor of such
                      low-mobility systems and demonstrate its dependence on a
                      collection coefficient defined in this work. We
                      systematically discuss the effect of different recombination
                      mechanisms, space-charge regions, and contact properties.
                      Based on these findings, we are able to interpret the
                      thickness dependence of the fill factor for different
                      experimental studies from the literature. The presented
                      model provides a facile method to extract the photoactive
                      layer’s electronic quality which is of particular
                      importance for the fill factor. We illustrate that over the
                      past 15 years, the electronic quality has not been
                      continuously improved, although organic solar-cell
                      efficiencies increased steadily over the same period of
                      time. Only recent reports show the synthesis of polymers for
                      semiconducting films of high electronic quality that are
                      able to produce new efficiency records.},
      cin          = {IEK-5},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-5-20101013},
      pnm          = {121 - Solar cells of the next generation (POF3-121) / HITEC
                      - Helmholtz Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Energy
                      and Climate Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-121 / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000381484200001},
      doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevApplied.6.024001},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/817806},
}