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@ARTICLE{Dathe:817807,
      author       = {Dathe, A. and Postma, Johannes Auke and Postma-Blaauw, M.
                      B. and Lynch, J. P.},
      title        = {{I}mpact of axial root growth angles on nitrogen
                      acquisition in maize depends on environmental conditions},
      journal      = {Annals of botany},
      volume       = {118},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1095-8290},
      address      = {Oxford},
      publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-04446},
      pages        = {401-414},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Backgrounds and Aims Crops with reduced requirement for
                      nitrogen (N) fertilizer would have substantial bene-fits in
                      developed nations, while improving food security in
                      developing nations. This study employs the
                      functionalstructural plant model SimRoot to test the
                      hypothesis that variation in the growth angles of axial
                      roots of maize (Zeamays L.) is an important determinant of N
                      capture. Methods Six phenotypes contrasting in axial root
                      growth angles were modelled for 42 d at seven soil nitrate
                      lev-els from 10 to 250 kg ha À1 in a sand and a silt loam,
                      and five precipitation regimes ranging from 0Á5Â to 1Á5Â
                      ofan ambient rainfall pattern. Model results were compared
                      with soil N measurements of field sites with silt loam
                      andloamy sand textures. Key Results For optimal nitrate
                      uptake, root foraging must coincide with nitrate
                      availability in the soil profile,which depends on soil type
                      and precipitation regime. The benefit of specific root
                      architectures for efficient N uptakeincreases with
                      decreasing soil N content, while the effect of soil type
                      increases with increasing soil N level.Extreme root
                      architectures are beneficial under extreme environmental
                      conditions. Extremely shallow root systemsperform well under
                      reduced precipitation, but perform poorly with ambient and
                      greater precipitation. Dimorphicphenotypes with normal or
                      shallow seminal and very steep nodal roots performed well in
                      all scenarios, and consis-tently outperformed the steep
                      phenotypes. Nitrate uptake increased under reduced leaching
                      conditions in the siltloam and with low precipitation.
                      Conclusions Results support the hypothesis that root growth
                      angles are primary determinants of N acquisition inmaize.
                      With decreasing soil N status, optimal angles resulted in
                      15–50 $\%$ greater N acquisition over 42 d. Optimalroot
                      phenotypes for N capture varied with soil and precipitation
                      regimes, suggesting that genetic selection for
                      rootphenotypes could be tailored to specific environments.},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {580},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {582 - Plant Science (POF3-582)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-582},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000383591200003},
      pubmed       = {pmid:27474507},
      doi          = {10.1093/aob/mcw112},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/817807},
}