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@ARTICLE{Andreasen:818271,
      author       = {Andreasen, Mie and Jensen, Karsten H. and Desilets, Darin
                      and Zreda, Marek and Bogena, Heye and Looms, Majken C.},
      title        = {{C}an canopy interception and biomass be inferred from
                      cosmic-ray neutron intensity? {R}esults from neutron
                      transport modeling},
      journal      = {Hydrology and earth system sciences discussions},
      volume       = {},
      issn         = {1812-2116},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-04745},
      pages        = {1 - 42},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Cosmic-ray neutron intensity is inversely correlated to all
                      hydrogen present in the upper decimeters of the subsurface
                      and the first few hectometers of the atmosphere above the
                      ground surface. This method has been used for measuring soil
                      moisture and snow water equivalent, but it may also be used
                      to identify and quantify canopy interception and biomass. We
                      use a neutron transport model with various representations
                      of the forest and different parameters describing the
                      subsurface to match measured profiles and time series of
                      thermal and epithermal neutron intensities at a field site
                      in Denmark. A sensitivity analysis is performed to quantify
                      the effect of forest canopy representation, soil moisture,
                      complexity of soil matrix chemistry, forest litter, soil
                      bulk density, canopy interception and forest biomass on
                      neutron intensity. The results show that forest biomass has
                      a significant influence on the neutron intensity profiles at
                      the examined field site, altering both the shape of the
                      profiles and the ground level thermal-to-epithermal neutron
                      ratio. The ground level thermal-to-epithermal neutron ratio
                      increases significantly with increasing amounts of biomass
                      and minor with canopy interception. Satisfactory agreement
                      is found between measurements and model results at the
                      forest site as well as two nearby sites representing
                      agricultural and heathland ecosystems. The measured ground
                      level thermal-to-epithermal neutron ratios of the three site
                      range from around 0.56 to 0.82. The significantly smaller
                      effect of canopy interception on the ground level
                      thermal-to-epithermal neutron ratio was modeled to range
                      from 0.804 to 0.836 for a forest with a dry and a very wet
                      canopy (4 mm of canopy interception), respectively. At the
                      examined field site the signal of the canopy interception is
                      lower than the measurement uncertainty.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.5194/hess-2016-226},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/818271},
}