% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Stenzel:818316,
      author       = {Stenzel, Peter and Koj, Jan Christian and Schreiber, Andrea
                      and Hennings, Wilfried and Zapp, Petra},
      title        = {{P}rimary control provided by large-scale battery energy
                      storage systems or fossil power plants in {G}ermany and
                      related environmental impacts},
      journal      = {Journal of energy storage},
      volume       = {8},
      issn         = {2352-152X},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-04788},
      pages        = {300-310},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Increasing renewable energy generation influences the
                      reliability of electric power grids. Thus, there is a demand
                      for new technical units providing ancillary services.
                      Non-dispatchable renewable energy sources can be balanced by
                      energy storage devices. By large-scale battery energy
                      storage systems (BESSs) grid efficiency and reliability as
                      well as power quality can be increased. A further
                      characteristic of BESSs is the ability to respond rapidly
                      and precisely to frequency deviations, making them technical
                      ideal candidates for primary control provision (PCP).In this
                      paper environmental impacts of PCP by novel Li-ion BESSs are
                      compared to impacts of PCP by state-of-the-art coal power
                      plants (CPPs) using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach
                      and considering German control market conditions. The coal
                      power plant stock is characterized by varying properties.
                      Thus, different scenarios of CPP operation are analyzed by
                      varying sensitive parameters like efficiency loss and
                      required must-run capacity. Finally, PCP by BESSs and CPPs
                      are compared in terms of environmental performance. The more
                      must-run electricity generation is attributable to PCP of
                      CPPs, the higher are the environmental impacts of these
                      CPPs. This leads to a better relative environmental
                      performance of BESSs in most scenarios. Contrary,
                      comparative or even better environmental performance of CPPs
                      compared to state-of-the-art BESSs can solely be achieved if
                      power plants without load restrictions for provision of
                      primary control and with extreme low efficiency losses
                      caused by PCP are applied. Consequently, the results of this
                      paper indicate that BESSs are a promising option to reduce
                      environmental impacts of primary control provision.},
      cin          = {IEK-STE},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-STE-20101013},
      pnm          = {153 - Assessment of Energy Systems – Addressing Issues of
                      Energy Efficiency and Energy Security (POF3-153)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-153},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000391140500031},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.est.2015.12.006},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/818316},
}