% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Kumar:819324,
      author       = {Kumar, Naveen and Xiao, Y. and Nair, H. S. and Voigt, J.
                      and Schmitz, Berthold and Chatterji, T. and Jalarvo, Niina
                      and Brückel, Thomas},
      title        = {{H}yperfine and crystal field interactions in multiferroic
                      {H}o{C}r{O}$_{3}$},
      journal      = {Journal of physics / Condensed matter},
      volume       = {28},
      number       = {47},
      issn         = {1361-648X},
      address      = {Bristol},
      publisher    = {IOP Publ.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-05023},
      pages        = {476001},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {We report a comprehensive specific heat and inelastic
                      neutron scattering study to explore the possible origin of
                      multiferroicity in HoCrO3. We have performed specific heat
                      measurements in the temperature range 100 mK–290 K and
                      inelastic neutron scattering measurements were performed in
                      the temperature range 1.5–200 K. From the specific heat
                      data we determined hyperfine splitting at 22.5(2) μeV and
                      crystal field transitions at 1.379(5) meV, 10.37(4) meV,
                      15.49(9) meV and 23.44(9) meV, indicating the existence of
                      strong hyperfine and crystal field interactions in HoCrO3.
                      Further, an effective hyperfine field is determined to be
                      600(3) T. The quasielastic scattering observed in the
                      inelastic scattering data and a large linear term $\gamma
                      =6.3(8)$ mJ mol−1  K−2 in the specific heat is
                      attributed to the presence of short range exchange
                      interactions, which is understood to be contributing to the
                      observed ferroelectricity. Further the nuclear and magnetic
                      entropies were computed to be, ~17.2 Jmol−1 K−1
                      and  ~34 Jmol−1 K−1, respectively. The entropy
                      values are in excellent agreement with the limiting
                      theoretical values. An anomaly is observed in the peak
                      position of the temperature dependent crystal field spectra
                      around 60 K, at the same temperature an anomaly in the
                      pyroelectric current is reported. From this we could
                      elucidate a direct correlation between the crystal electric
                      field excitations of Ho3+ and ferroelectricity in HoCrO3.
                      Our present study, along with recent reports, confirm that
                      HoCrO3, and RCrO3 (R  =  rare earth) in general,
                      possess more than one driving force for the ferroelectricity
                      and multiferroicity.},
      cin          = {ICS-1 / Neutronenstreuung ; JCNS-1 / PGI-4 / JCNS-2 / JCNS
                      (München) ; Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS
                      (München) ; JCNS-FRM-II / JCNS-SNS},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICS-1-20110106 / I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-1-20110106 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-4-20110106 / I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-2-20110106 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-FRM-II-20110218 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-SNS-20110128},
      pnm          = {551 - Functional Macromolecules and Complexes (POF3-551) /
                      6G4 - Jülich Centre for Neutron Research (JCNS) (POF3-623)
                      / 6215 - Soft Matter, Health and Life Sciences (POF3-621)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-551 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G4 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6215},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)External-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000385448300001},
      pubmed       = {pmid:27633731},
      doi          = {10.1088/0953-8984/28/47/476001},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/819324},
}