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@ARTICLE{Geisen:819632,
author = {Geisen, Stefan and Koller, Robert and Hünninghaus, Maike
and Dumack, Kenneth and Urich, Tim and Bonkowski, Michael},
title = {{T}he soil food web revisited: {D}iverse and widespread
mycophagous soil protists},
journal = {Soil biology $\&$ biochemistry},
volume = {94},
issn = {0038-0717},
address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
publisher = {Elsevier Science},
reportid = {FZJ-2016-05247},
pages = {10 - 18},
year = {2016},
abstract = {Soil protists are commonly suggested being solely
bacterivorous, serving together with bacterivorous nematodes
as the main controllers of the bacterial energy channel in
soil food webs. In contrast, the fungal energy channel is
assumed to be controlled by arthropods and mycophagous
nematodes. This perspective accepted by most soil biologists
is, however, challenged by functional studies conducted by
taxonomists that revealed a range of mycophagous protists.
In order to increase the knowledge on the functional
importance of mycophagous protists we isolated and initiated
cultures of protist taxa and tested eight for facultative
feeding on diverse fungi in microcosm experiments. Two
different flagellate species of the genus Cercomonas, the
testate amoeba Cryptodifflugia operculata and four genera of
naked amoebae (Acanthamoeba sp., Leptomyxa sp., two
Mayorella spp. and Thecamoeba spp.) fed and grew on yeasts
with four taxa (Cercomonas sp., Leptomyxa sp., Mayorella
sp., and Thecamoeba sp.) also thriving on spores of the
plant pathogenic hyphal-forming fungus Fusarium culmorum.To
identify the potential importance of mycophagous protists in
the environment we applied a data-mining approach targeting
small subunit (SSU) rRNA data obtained in metatranscriptomes
of five fundamentally different terrestrial samples. We
focused our analyses on the distribution and relative
abundances of two well-studied mycophagous protist groups,
vampyrellid amoebae and grossglockneriid ciliates. Both
groups were detected in all of the highly contrasting
terrestrial samples, comprising up to $3\%$ of all protist
SSU rRNA transcripts. SSU transcripts of these two groups,
in contrast to all remaining protist SSU transcripts, showed
strong correlations with the relative abundance of fungal
sequences indicating close direct trophic interactions.Taken
together, this study provides evidence that mycophagy among
soil protists is common and might be of substantial but
hitherto overlooked ecological importance in terrestrial
ecosystems. Future studies should aim at evaluating
taxon-specific (facultative) mycophagy, decipher changes
caused in the fungal community and quantitatively evaluate
the functional importance of this trophic position in soil
ecosystems.},
cin = {IBG-2},
ddc = {570},
cid = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
pnm = {582 - Plant Science (POF3-582)},
pid = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-582},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
UT = {WOS:000370094100002},
doi = {10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.010},
url = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/819632},
}