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@ARTICLE{Geisen:819632,
      author       = {Geisen, Stefan and Koller, Robert and Hünninghaus, Maike
                      and Dumack, Kenneth and Urich, Tim and Bonkowski, Michael},
      title        = {{T}he soil food web revisited: {D}iverse and widespread
                      mycophagous soil protists},
      journal      = {Soil biology $\&$ biochemistry},
      volume       = {94},
      issn         = {0038-0717},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-05247},
      pages        = {10 - 18},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Soil protists are commonly suggested being solely
                      bacterivorous, serving together with bacterivorous nematodes
                      as the main controllers of the bacterial energy channel in
                      soil food webs. In contrast, the fungal energy channel is
                      assumed to be controlled by arthropods and mycophagous
                      nematodes. This perspective accepted by most soil biologists
                      is, however, challenged by functional studies conducted by
                      taxonomists that revealed a range of mycophagous protists.
                      In order to increase the knowledge on the functional
                      importance of mycophagous protists we isolated and initiated
                      cultures of protist taxa and tested eight for facultative
                      feeding on diverse fungi in microcosm experiments. Two
                      different flagellate species of the genus Cercomonas, the
                      testate amoeba Cryptodifflugia operculata and four genera of
                      naked amoebae (Acanthamoeba sp., Leptomyxa sp., two
                      Mayorella spp. and Thecamoeba spp.) fed and grew on yeasts
                      with four taxa (Cercomonas sp., Leptomyxa sp., Mayorella
                      sp., and Thecamoeba sp.) also thriving on spores of the
                      plant pathogenic hyphal-forming fungus Fusarium culmorum.To
                      identify the potential importance of mycophagous protists in
                      the environment we applied a data-mining approach targeting
                      small subunit (SSU) rRNA data obtained in metatranscriptomes
                      of five fundamentally different terrestrial samples. We
                      focused our analyses on the distribution and relative
                      abundances of two well-studied mycophagous protist groups,
                      vampyrellid amoebae and grossglockneriid ciliates. Both
                      groups were detected in all of the highly contrasting
                      terrestrial samples, comprising up to $3\%$ of all protist
                      SSU rRNA transcripts. SSU transcripts of these two groups,
                      in contrast to all remaining protist SSU transcripts, showed
                      strong correlations with the relative abundance of fungal
                      sequences indicating close direct trophic interactions.Taken
                      together, this study provides evidence that mycophagy among
                      soil protists is common and might be of substantial but
                      hitherto overlooked ecological importance in terrestrial
                      ecosystems. Future studies should aim at evaluating
                      taxon-specific (facultative) mycophagy, decipher changes
                      caused in the fungal community and quantitatively evaluate
                      the functional importance of this trophic position in soil
                      ecosystems.},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {582 - Plant Science (POF3-582)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-582},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000370094100002},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.010},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/819632},
}