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@PHDTHESIS{Meunders:819932,
      author       = {Meunders, Andreas},
      title        = {{A} study on buoyancy-driven flows: {U}sing particle image
                      velocimetry for validating the {F}ire {D}ynamics
                      {S}imulator},
      volume       = {31},
      school       = {Bergische Universität Wuppertal},
      type         = {Dr.},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-05506},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-173-6},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich. IAS Series},
      pages        = {xxi, 150 S.},
      year         = {2016},
      note         = {Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Diss., 2016},
      abstract     = {The aim of this thesis is to design and carry out
                      bench-scale laboratory experiments specifically designed for
                      the validation of fire models, and to use the experimental
                      data for a validation study of the Fire Dynamics Simulator
                      (FDS). The focus of the experiments is on one of the key
                      components of fire models, the modeling of buoyancy-driven
                      flows. The experimental setup is simplified by neglecting
                      pyrolysis and combustion and its objective is to achieve
                      high precision and reproducibility. Therefore, an
                      electrically heated block of copper is used as a heat source
                      and particle image velocimetry (PIV) is applied for
                      measuring the flow velocities. Two different setups are
                      investigated: an undisturbed open buoyant plume above the
                      heat source, and a buoyant spill plume emerging from a
                      compartment opening. Depending on the setup, different
                      characteristic values of the flow are evaluated. For the
                      undisturbed buoyant plume setup, maximum velocities in the
                      plume, plume widths and flow integrals are determined.
                      Furthermore, a centerline analysis is carried out in order
                      to localize the transition from laminar to turbulent flow as
                      a function of the Grashof number. The obtained values lie in
                      the range 4 X 10$^{8}$ < Gr < 2 X 10$^{9}$ and therefore
                      agree well with previous studies. For the buoyant spill
                      plume compartment setup, position and maximum velocity of
                      the out flow as well as volume flows in front of the opening
                      are compared. The heat flows out of the opening cannot be
                      measured directly and are therefore estimated based on the
                      available data. The validation study with FDS leads to mixed
                      results. For the open plume setup, generally a good
                      agreement is achieved. Provided that a sufficiently fine
                      resolution is used, the important flow characteristics are
                      reproduced in the simulations. With the spill plume setup,
                      significant differences between experiments and simulations
                      are observed. In order to analyze them in detail,
                      modifcations of the experiments are required. Therefore, in
                      conclusion of the study, areas of potential improvements for
                      future experiments and the suitability of PIV for this kind
                      of experiment are discussed.},
      cin          = {JSC},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {511 - Computational Science and Mathematical Methods
                      (POF3-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-511},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      urn          = {urn:nbn:de:0001-2016091517},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/819932},
}