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@ARTICLE{Ploeger:820659,
      author       = {Ploeger, Felix and Birner, Thomas},
      title        = {{S}easonal and inter-annual variability of lower
                      stratospheric age of air spectra},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {16},
      number       = {15},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-05928},
      pages        = {10195 - 10213},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Trace gas transport in the lower stratosphere is
                      investigated by analysing seasonal and inter-annual
                      variations of the age of air spectrum – the probability
                      distribution of stratospheric transit times. Age spectra are
                      obtained using the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the
                      Stratosphere (CLaMS) driven by ERA-Interim winds and total
                      diabatic heating rates, and using a time-evolving
                      boundary-impulse-response (BIER) method based on multiple
                      tracer pulses. Seasonal age spectra show large deviations
                      from an idealized stationary uni-modal shape. Multiple modes
                      emerge in the spectrum throughout the stratosphere,
                      strongest at high latitudes, caused by the interplay of
                      seasonally varying tropical upward mass flux, stratospheric
                      transport barriers and recirculation. Inter-annual
                      variations in transport (e.g. quasi-biennial oscillation)
                      cause significant modulations of the age spectrum shape. In
                      fact, one particular QBO phase may determine the spectrum's
                      mode during the following 2–3 years. Interpretation of the
                      age spectrum in terms of transport contributions due to the
                      residual circulation and mixing is generally not
                      straightforward. It turns out that advection by the residual
                      circulation represents the dominant pathway in the deep
                      tropics and in the winter hemisphere extratropics above
                      500 K, controlling the modal age in these regions. In
                      contrast, in the summer hemisphere, particularly in the
                      lowermost stratosphere, mixing represents the most probable
                      pathway controlling the modal age.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {244 - Composition and dynamics of the upper troposphere and
                      middle atmosphere (POF3-244)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-244},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000383177600007},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-16-10195-2016},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/820659},
}