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@ARTICLE{Jrvinen:820670,
      author       = {Järvinen, Emma and Schnaiter, Martin and Mioche, Guillaume
                      and Jourdan, Olivier and Shcherbakov, Valery N. and Costa,
                      Anja and Afchine, Armin and Krämer, Martina and Heidelberg,
                      Fabian and Jurkat, Tina and Voigt, Christiane and Schlager,
                      Hans and Nichman, Leonid and Gallagher, Martin and Hirst,
                      Edwin and Schmitt, Carl and Bansemer, Aaron and Heymsfield,
                      Andy and Lawson, Paul and Tricoli, Ugo and Pfeilsticker,
                      Klaus and Vochezer, Paul and Möhler, Ottmar and Leisner,
                      Thomas},
      title        = {{Q}uasi-{S}pherical {I}ce in {C}onvective {C}louds},
      journal      = {Journal of the atmospheric sciences},
      volume       = {73},
      number       = {10},
      issn         = {1520-0469},
      address      = {Boston, Mass.},
      publisher    = {American Meteorological Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-05939},
      pages        = {3885 - 3910},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Homogeneous freezing of supercooled droplets occurs in
                      convective systems in low and midlatitudes. This
                      droplet-freezing process leads to the formation of a large
                      amount of small ice particles, so-called frozen droplets,
                      that are transported to the upper parts of anvil outflows,
                      where they can influence the cloud radiative properties.
                      However, the detailed microphysics and, thus, the scattering
                      properties of these small ice particles are highly
                      uncertain. Here, the link between the microphysical and
                      optical properties of frozen droplets is investigated in
                      cloud chamber experiments, where the frozen droplets were
                      formed, grown, and sublimated under controlled conditions.
                      It was found that frozen droplets developed a high degree of
                      small-scale complexity after their initial formation and
                      subsequent growth. During sublimation, the small-scale
                      complexity disappeared, releasing a smooth and
                      near-spherical ice particle. Angular light scattering and
                      depolarization measurements confirmed that these sublimating
                      frozen droplets scattered light similar to spherical
                      particles: that is, they had angular light-scattering
                      properties similar to water droplets. The knowledge gained
                      from this laboratory study was applied to two case studies
                      of aircraft measurements in midlatitude and tropical
                      convective systems. The in situ aircraft measurements
                      confirmed that the microphysics of frozen droplets is
                      dependent on the humidity conditions they are exposed to
                      (growth or sublimation). The existence of optically
                      spherical frozen droplets can be important for the radiative
                      properties of detraining convective outflows.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {244 - Composition and dynamics of the upper troposphere and
                      middle atmosphere (POF3-244) / HITEC - Helmholtz
                      Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Energy and Climate
                      Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-244 / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000384679900007},
      doi          = {10.1175/JAS-D-15-0365.1},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/820670},
}