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@ARTICLE{Otto:820811,
      author       = {Otto, Alexander and Robinius, Martin and Grube, Thomas and
                      Schiebahn, Sebastian and Stolten, Detlef and Praktiknjo,
                      Aaron},
      title        = {{P}ower-to-{S}teel: {R}educing {CO}2 through the
                      integration of renewable energy into the {G}erman steel
                      industry},
      journal      = {Energies},
      volume       = {10},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {1996-1073},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-06078},
      pages        = {451},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {This paper analyses some possible means by which renewable
                      power could be integrated into the steel manufacturing
                      process, with techniques such as blast furnace gas
                      recirculation (BF-GR), furnaces that utilize carbon capture,
                      a higher share of electrical arc furnaces (EAFs) and the use
                      of direct reduced iron with hydrogen as reduction agent
                      (H-DR). It is demonstrated that these processes could lead
                      to less dependence on—and ultimately complete independence
                      from—coal. This opens the possibility of providing the
                      steel industry with power and heat by coupling to renewable
                      power generation (sector coupling). In this context, it is
                      shown using the example of Germany that with these
                      technologies, reductions of $47–95\%$ of CO2 emissions
                      against 1990 levels and $27–95\%$ of primary energy demand
                      against 2008 can be achieved through the integration of
                      12–274 TWh of renewable electrical power into the steel
                      industry. Thereby, a substantial contribution to reducing
                      CO2 emissions and fuel demand could be made (although it
                      would fall short of realizing the German government’s
                      target of a $50\%$ reduction in power consumption by 2050)},
      cin          = {IEK-3 / JARA-ENERGY},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013 / $I:(DE-82)080011_20140620$},
      pnm          = {134 - Electrolysis and Hydrogen (POF3-134)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-134},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000400065000040},
      doi          = {10.3390/en10040451},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/820811},
}