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@ARTICLE{Schreiber:820822,
      author       = {Schreiber, Andrea and Marx, Josefine and Zapp, Petra and
                      Hake, Jürgen-Fr. and Voßenkaul, Daniel and Friedrich,
                      Bernd},
      title        = {{E}nvironmental {I}mpacts of {R}are {E}arth {M}ining and
                      {S}eparation {B}ased on {E}udialyte: {A} {N}ew {E}uropean
                      {W}ay},
      journal      = {Resources},
      volume       = {5},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {2079-9276},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-06089},
      pages        = {32 -},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Neodymium and dysprosium are two rare earth elements
                      (REEs), out of a group of 17 elements. Due to their unique
                      properties, REEs gained increasing importance in many new
                      technologies, like wind turbines, batteries, etc. However,
                      the production of REEs requires high material and energy
                      consumption and is associated with considerable
                      environmental burdens. Due to the strong dependency of
                      European industry on Chinese REE exports, this paper
                      presents a possible European production chain of REEs based
                      on the mineral eudialyte found in Norra Kärr (Sweden). This
                      European production is compared to a Chinese route, as China
                      produces more than $85\%$ of today’s REEs. Bayan Obo as
                      the largest REE deposit in China is considered as the
                      reference system. Using the life cycle assessment method,
                      the environmental impacts of both production lines are
                      assessed. This study presents newly-estimated data of a
                      possible Swedish eudialyte-based production route for
                      Europe. Results for the new eudialyte process route show
                      reduced environmental burdens, although the total REE
                      content in eudialyte is much smaller than in the Bayan Obo
                      deposit. Especially, the results for dysprosium from
                      eudialyte outreach those for Bayan Obo due to the higher
                      content of heavy rare earth elements.},
      cin          = {IEK-STE},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-STE-20101013},
      pnm          = {153 - Assessment of Energy Systems – Addressing Issues of
                      Energy Efficiency and Energy Security (POF3-153)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-153},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000388105700004},
      doi          = {10.3390/resources5040032},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/820822},
}