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@ARTICLE{Maxwell:820864,
      author       = {Maxwell, Reed M and Condon, Laura E and Kollet, Stefan and
                      Maher, Kate and Haggerty, Roy and Forrester, Mary Michael},
      title        = {{T}he imprint of climate and geology on the residence times
                      of groundwater},
      journal      = {Geophysical research letters},
      volume       = {43},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {0094-8276},
      address      = {Hoboken, NJ},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-06128},
      pages        = {701 - 708},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Surface and subsurface flow dynamics govern residence time
                      or water age until discharge, which is a key metric of
                      storage and water availability for human use and ecosystem
                      function. Although observations in small catchments have
                      shown a fractal distribution of ages, residence times are
                      difficult to directly quantify or measure in large basins.
                      Here we use a simulation of major watersheds across North
                      America to compute distributions of residence times. This
                      simulation results in peak ages from 1.5 to 10.5 years, in
                      agreement with isotopic observations from bomb-derived
                      radioisotopes, and a wide range of residence times—from
                      0.1 to 10,000 years. This simulation suggests that peak
                      residence times are controlled by the mean hydraulic
                      conductivity, a function of the prevailing geology. The
                      shape of the residence time distribution is dependent on
                      aridity, which in turn determines water table depth and the
                      frequency of shorter flow paths. These model results
                      underscore the need for additional studies to characterize
                      water ages in larger systems.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000372056400027},
      doi          = {10.1002/2015GL066916},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/820864},
}