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@ARTICLE{Wiekenkamp:820893,
      author       = {Wiekenkamp, I. and Huisman, J. A. and Bogena, Heye and Lin,
                      H. S. and Vereecken, H.},
      title        = {{S}patial and temporal occurrence of preferential flow in a
                      forested headwater catchment},
      journal      = {Journal of hydrology},
      volume       = {534},
      issn         = {0022-1694},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-06157},
      pages        = {139 - 149},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {The highly dynamic nature of preferential flow in time and
                      space makes it challenging to identify and analyze its
                      occurrence at the catchment scale. Novel analysis methods
                      using soil moisture sensor response times offer an
                      opportunity to investigate catchment-wide controls on
                      preferential flow. The aim of this study was to identify
                      factors that control preferential flow occurrence based on
                      3-year soil moisture monitoring using a wireless sensor
                      network in the Wüstebach catchment, Germany. At 101
                      locations, the sensor response times at three depths (5, 20,
                      and 50 cm) were classified into one of four classes: (1)
                      non-sequential preferential flow, (2) velocity-based
                      preferential flow, (3) sequential flow, and (4) no response.
                      A conceptual model, postulating that preferential flow in
                      the Wüstebach catchment is dominated by differences in soil
                      type, landscape position, and rainfall input, was proposed
                      for hypothesis testing. To test the conceptual model, the
                      classification results were combined with spatial and
                      event-based data to understand and identify controlling
                      factors. Spatial parameters consisted of hydrological,
                      topographical, and soil physical and chemical parameters.
                      Temporal factors included precipitation characteristics and
                      antecedent soil moisture conditions. The conceptual model as
                      proposed could only be partly confirmed. Event-based
                      occurrence of preferential flow was highly affected by
                      precipitation amount, with a nearly catchment-wide
                      preferential response during large storm events. During
                      intermediate events, preferential flow was controlled by
                      small-scale heterogeneity, instead of showing catchment-wide
                      patterns. The effect of antecedent catchment wetness on the
                      occurrence of preferential flow was generally less profound,
                      although a clear negative relationship was found for
                      precipitation events with more than 25 mm. It was found that
                      spatial occurrence of preferential flow was however governed
                      by small-scale soil and biological features and local
                      processes, and showed no obvious relationship with any of
                      the selected spatial parameters. Overall, the results
                      demonstrate that sensor response time analysis can offer
                      innovative insights into the spatial–temporal
                      interrelationship of preferential flow occurrence.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000371940900013},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.12.050},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/820893},
}