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@ARTICLE{Gregory:820895,
      author       = {Gregory, A. S. and Dungait, J. A. J. and Watts, C. W. and
                      Bol, R. and Dixon, E. R. and White, R. P. and Whitmore, A.
                      P.},
      title        = {{L}ong-term management changes topsoil and subsoil organic
                      carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a temperate agricultural
                      system},
      journal      = {European journal of soil science},
      volume       = {67},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {1351-0754},
      address      = {Oxford [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-06159},
      pages        = {421 - 430},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) contents are
                      controlled partly by plant inputs that can be manipulated in
                      agricultural systems. Although SOC and N pools occur mainly
                      in the topsoil (upper 0.30 m), there are often substantial
                      pools in the subsoil that are commonly assumed to be stable.
                      We tested the hypothesis that contrasting long-term
                      management systems change the dynamics of SOC and N in the
                      topsoil and subsoil (to 0.75 m) under temperate conditions.
                      We used an established field experiment in the UK where
                      control grassland was changed to arable (59 years before)
                      and bare fallow (49 years before) systems. Losses of SOC and
                      N were 65 and $61\%$ under arable and 78 and $74\%$ under
                      fallow, respectively, in the upper 0.15 m when compared with
                      the grass land soil, whereas at 0.3–0.6-m depth losses
                      under arable and fallow were 41 and $22\%$ and 52 and
                      $35\%,$ respectively. The stable isotopes 13C and 15N showed
                      the effects of different treatments. Concentrations of
                      long-chain n-alkanes C27, C29 and C31 were greater in soil
                      under grass than under arable and fallow. The dynamics of
                      SOC and N changed in both topsoil and subsoil on a decadal
                      time-scale because of changes in the balance between inputs
                      and turnover in perennial and annual systems. Isotopic and
                      geochemical analyses suggested that fresh inputs and
                      decomposition processes occur in the subsoil. There is a
                      need to monitor and predict long-term changes in soil
                      properties in the whole soil profile if soil is to be
                      managed sustainably.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {630},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000384745900007},
      doi          = {10.1111/ejss.12359},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/820895},
}