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@ARTICLE{Karlsson:820898,
      author       = {Karlsson, Anneli Sofia and Weihermüller, Lutz and Tappe,
                      Wolfgang and Mukherjee, Santanu and Spielvogel, Sandra},
      title        = {{F}ield scale boscalid residues and dissipation half-life
                      estimation in a sandy soil},
      journal      = {Chemosphere},
      volume       = {145},
      issn         = {0045-6535},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-06162},
      pages        = {163 - 173},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {The aim of this study was to analyze the environmental fate
                      of the fungicide boscalid in a sandy soil. Boscalid was
                      applied in spring 2010/11 to a cropland site in western
                      Germany. Three years after second application 65 undisturbed
                      soil samples were taken. Boscalid was extracted using
                      accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). Boscalid contents in
                      the plough horizon ranged between 0.12 and 0.53 with a field
                      mean of 0.20 ± 0.09 μg kg−1. These contents were
                      considerably lower compared to calculation using literature
                      DT50 values, whereby a concentration of 16.89 μg kg−1 was
                      expected assuming a literature DT50 value of 345 days.
                      Therefore, the measured field boscalid concentration only
                      yields $1.2\%$ of the expected value. To test whether the
                      unknown extraction efficiency, losses from spray drift and
                      interception can explain the mismatch between calculated and
                      measured concentrations all these uncertainties were taken
                      into account into calculations, but field concentrations and
                      DT50 were still lower as expected. Leaching to deeper
                      horizons was also studied but could not explain the
                      discrepancy either. Moreover, a short-term incubation
                      experiment using 14C labelled boscalid revealed also shorter
                      DT50 values of 297–337 compared to the 345 days taken from
                      literature. However, this DT50 value is still considerably
                      larger compared to the 104–224 days that were calculated
                      based on the field experiment. Our results indicate that
                      boscalid dissipation under field conditions is much faster
                      at agricultural sites with sandy soil type as expected from
                      laboratory incubation experiments.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000369196300022},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.026},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/820898},
}