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@ARTICLE{Xu:820910,
      author       = {Xu, Yehong and Fan, Jianling and Ding, Weixin and Gunina,
                      Anna and Chen, Zengming and Bol, Roland and Luo, Jiafa and
                      Bolan, Nanthi},
      title        = {{C}haracterization of organic carbon in decomposing litter
                      exposed to nitrogen and sulfur additions: {L}inks to
                      microbial community composition and activity},
      journal      = {Geoderma},
      volume       = {286},
      issn         = {0016-7061},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-06174},
      pages        = {116 - 124},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Understanding the links between litter chemical
                      transformations and functional microbial communities is key
                      to elucidating the mechanisms of litter decomposition
                      processes under nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deposition.
                      Carbon (C)-13-labelled Pinus massoniana needles were
                      incubated in a subtropical plantation forest soil exposed
                      to: no amendment (Control), N amendments of 81 (N1) and 270
                      (N2) mg kg− 1, S amendments of 121 (S1) and 405 (S2) mg
                      kg− 1 and combined N and S amendments. Litter
                      decomposition was measured as litter-derived carbon dioxide
                      (CO2) emissions and the litter C pools were partitioned
                      using a two-pool model. Relationships between litter residue
                      chemistry (assessed by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance
                      spectroscopy analysis) and microbial community composition
                      (probed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis, PLFA) and
                      activity (the metabolic quotient, qCO2) were investigated.
                      Over the 420 days incubation period, N and S additions
                      (except N and S addition alone at low rate) significantly
                      increased litter decomposition by $7.2–18.9\%$ compared to
                      the Control. Decomposition was stimulated by $10.2–61.9\%$
                      during the initial 56 days (stage 1) and in contrast,
                      $8.3–42.1\%$ inhibition was measured during 57–420 days
                      (stage 2) across the addition treatments. Stimulation on
                      litter-derived CO2 emissions under the N and S additions was
                      largely dependent on the loss of O-alkyl C, a dominant
                      component of the litter active C pool. During the initial 7
                      days, N and S additions increased the ratio of fungal to
                      bacterial PLFAs compared to the Control, which was
                      accompanied by the increases in methoxyl C. The activity of
                      microbes, particularly gram-negative bacteria, was also
                      increased by N and S additions at stage 1, which was related
                      to di-O-alkyl C. In contrast, fungal activity decreased
                      under N and S additions at stage 2, accompanied by lowered C
                      availability and increased methoxyl C. Alkyl C and aromatic
                      C in the litter had positive relationships with the
                      half-life of the slow C pool. Accordingly, the residue
                      recalcitrance was increased under N and S additions compared
                      with Control at stage 2, and was largely responsible for the
                      inhibition of litter decomposition. Thus, N and S deposition
                      is likely to increase the persistence of litter-derived
                      recalcitrant C in subtropical forest soils in the long
                      term.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000389107000014},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.10.032},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/820910},
}