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@ARTICLE{Andreasen:820927,
      author       = {Andreasen, Mie and Jensen, Karsten H. and Zreda, Marek and
                      Desilets, Darin and Bogena, Heye and Looms, Majken C.},
      title        = {{M}odeling cosmic ray neutron field measurements},
      journal      = {Water resources research},
      volume       = {52},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {0043-1397},
      address      = {[New York]},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-06191},
      pages        = {6451 - 6471},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {The cosmic ray neutron method was developed for
                      intermediate-scale soil moisture detection, but may
                      potentially be used for other hydrological applications. The
                      neutron signal of different hydrogen pools is poorly
                      understood and separating them is difficult based on neutron
                      measurements alone. Including neutron transport modeling may
                      accommodate this shortcoming. However, measured and modeled
                      neutrons are not directly comparable. Neither the scale nor
                      energy ranges are equivalent, and the exact neutron energy
                      sensitivity of the detectors is unknown. Here a methodology
                      to enable comparability of the measured and modeled neutrons
                      is presented. The usual cosmic ray soil moisture detector
                      measures moderated neutrons by means of a proportional
                      counter surrounded by plastic, making it sensitive to
                      epithermal neutrons. However, that configuration allows for
                      some thermal neutrons to be measured. The thermal
                      contribution can be removed by surrounding the plastic with
                      a layer of cadmium, which absorbs neutrons with energies
                      below 0.5 eV. Likewise, cadmium shielding of a bare detector
                      allows for estimating the epithermal contribution. First,
                      the cadmium difference method is used to determine the
                      fraction of thermal and epithermal neutrons measured by the
                      bare and plastic-shielded detectors, respectively. The
                      cadmium difference method results in linear correction
                      models for measurements by the two detectors, and has the
                      greatest impact on the neutron intensity measured by the
                      moderated detector at the ground surface. Next, conversion
                      factors are obtained relating measured and modeled neutron
                      intensities. Finally, the methodology is tested by modeling
                      the neutron profiles at an agricultural field site and
                      satisfactory agreement to measurements is found.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000383684400042},
      doi          = {10.1002/2015WR018236},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/820927},
}