% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Heinze:820975,
      author       = {Heinze, Rieke and Dipankar, Anurag and Carbajal Henken,
                      Cintia and Moseley, Christopher and Sourdeval, Odran and
                      Trömel, Silke and Xie, Xinxin and Adamidis, Panos and
                      Ament, Felix and Baars, Holger and Barthlott, Christian and
                      Behrendt, Andreas and Blahak, Ulrich and Bley, Sebastian and
                      Brdar, Slavko and Brueck, Matthias and Crewell, Susanne and
                      Deneke, Hartwig and Di Girolamo, Paolo and Evaristo, Raquel
                      and Fischer, Jürgen and Frank, Christopher and Friederichs,
                      Petra and Göcke, Tobias and Gorges, Ksenia and Hande, Luke
                      and Hanke, Moritz and Hansen, Akio and Hege, Hans-Christian
                      and Hoose, Corinna and Jahns, Thomas and Kalthoff, Norbert
                      and Klocke, Daniel and Kneifel, Stefan and Knippertz, Peter
                      and Kuhn, Alexander and van Laar, Thirza and Macke, Andreas
                      and Maurer, Vera and Mayer, Bernhard and Meyer, Catrin and
                      Muppa, Shravan K. and Neggers, Roeland A. J. and Orlandi,
                      Emiliano and Pantillon, Florian and Pospichal, Bernhard and
                      Röber, Niklas and Scheck, Leonhard and Seifert, Axel and
                      Seifert, Patric and Senf, Fabian and Siligam, Pavan and
                      Simmer, Clemens and Steinke, Sandra and Stevens, Bjorn and
                      Wapler, Kathrin and Weniger, Michael and Wulfmeyer, Volker
                      and Zängl, Günther and Zhang, Dan and Quaas, Johannes},
      title        = {{L}arge-eddy simulations over {G}ermany using {ICON}: {A}
                      comprehensive evaluation},
      journal      = {Quarterly journal of the Royal Meteorological Society},
      volume       = {143},
      number       = {702},
      issn         = {0035-9009},
      address      = {Weinheim [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-06232},
      pages        = {69-100},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Large-eddy simulations (LES) with the new ICOsahedral
                      Non-hydrostatic atmosphere model (ICON) covering Germany are
                      evaluated for four days in spring 2013 using observational
                      data from various sources. Reference simulations with the
                      established Consortium for Small-scale Modelling (COSMO)
                      numerical weather prediction model and further standard LES
                      codes are performed and used as a reference. This
                      comprehensive evaluation approach covers multiple parameters
                      and scales focusing on boundary layer variables, clouds and
                      precipitation. The evaluation points to the need to work on
                      parameterisations influencing the surface energy balance,
                      and possibly on ice cloud microphysics. The central purpose
                      for the development and application of ICON in LES
                      configuration is the use of simulation results to improve
                      the understanding of moist processes, as well as their
                      parameterisation in climate models. The evaluation thus aims
                      at building confidence in the model's ability to simulate
                      small- to meso-scale variability in turbulence, clouds, and
                      precipitation. The results are encouraging: the
                      high-resolution model much better matches the observed
                      variability at small- to meso-scales than the
                      coarser-resolved reference model. In its highest grid
                      resolution, the simulated turbulence profiles are realistic,
                      and column water vapour matches the observed temporal
                      variability at short timescales. Despite being somewhat too
                      large and too frequent, small cumulus clouds are well
                      represented in comparison to satellite data, as is the shape
                      of the cloud size spectrum. Variability of cloud water
                      matches the satellite observations much better in ICON than
                      in the reference model. In this sense, it is concluded that
                      the model is fit for the purpose of using its output for
                      parameterisation development, despite the potential to
                      further improve important aspects of processes that are
                      parameterised also in the high-resolution model.},
      cin          = {JSC},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {511 - Computational Science and Mathematical Methods
                      (POF3-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-511},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000394990800006},
      doi          = {10.1002/qj.2947},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/820975},
}