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@ARTICLE{Fang:824268,
      author       = {Fang, Qingping and Berger, Cornelius M. and Menzler,
                      Norbert H. and Bram, Martin and Blum, Ludger},
      title        = {{E}lectrochemical characterization of {F}e-air rechargeable
                      oxide battery in planar solid oxide cell stacks},
      journal      = {Journal of power sources},
      volume       = {336},
      issn         = {0378-7753},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-06887},
      pages        = {91 - 98},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Iron-air rechargeable oxide batteries (ROB) comprising
                      solid oxide cells (SOC) as energy converters and
                      Fe/metal-oxide redox couples were characterized using planar
                      SOC stacks. The charge and discharge of the battery
                      correspond to the operations in the electrolysis and fuel
                      cell modes, respectively, but with a stagnant atmosphere
                      consisting of hydrogen and steam. A novel method was
                      employed to establish the stagnant atmosphere for battery
                      testing during normal SOC operation without complicated
                      modification to the test bench and stack/battery concept.
                      Manipulation of the gas compositions during battery
                      operation was not necessary, but the influence of the
                      leakage current from the testing system had to be
                      considered. Batteries incorporating Fe2O3/8YSZ, Fe2O3/CaO
                      and Fe2O3/ZrO2 storage materials were characterized at 800
                      °C. A maximum charge capacity of 30.4 Ah per layer (with an
                      80 cm2 active cell area) with ∼0.5 mol Fe was reached with
                      a current of 12 A. The charge capacity lost $11\%$ after
                      ∼130 ROB cycles due to the increased agglomeration of
                      active materials and formation of a dense oxide layer on the
                      surface. The round trip efficiencies of the tested batteries
                      were $≤84\%$ due to the large internal resistance. With
                      state-of-the-art cells, the round trip efficiency can be
                      further improved.},
      cin          = {IEK-1 / IEK-3},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013},
      pnm          = {135 - Fuel Cells (POF3-135) / SOFC - Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
                      (SOFC-20140602)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-135 / G:(DE-Juel1)SOFC-20140602},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000389086900011},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.10.059},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/824268},
}