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@ARTICLE{Dahdal:824276,
      author       = {Dahdal, Y. N. and Pipich, V. and Rapaport, H. and Oren, Y.
                      and Kasher, R. and Schwahn, D.},
      title        = {{S}mall-angle neutron scattering studies of alginate as
                      biomineralizing agent and scale initiator},
      journal      = {Polymer},
      volume       = {85},
      issn         = {0032-3861},
      address      = {Oxford},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-06895},
      pages        = {77 - 88},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Alginate is an important part of the extracellular
                      polymeric substances excreted by microorganisms giving rise
                      to biofouling on reverse osmosis membranes in desalination
                      plants for water treatment. We present a small-angle neutron
                      scattering study on aggregation of alginate when exposed to
                      an aqueous salt solution simulating the reverse osmosis
                      concentrate of a wastewater reclamation plant. We explored
                      the behavior of alginate as dissolved molecule and as
                      grafted to the surface of gold nanoparticles thereby
                      simulating the condition of alginate attached at the surface
                      of a membrane. The behavior of dissolved and grafted
                      alginate was different when exposed to the simulation
                      solution. The dissolved alginate aggregates to a gel like
                      structure whereas the grafted alginate induces formation of
                      0.2 μm large particles. These particles form stable
                      composites within few seconds with volume fraction of about
                      half mineral and half gold nano-particles.},
      cin          = {JCNS (München) ; Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS
                      (München) ; JCNS-FRM-II / Neutronenstreuung ; JCNS-1 /
                      ICS-1},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-FRM-II-20110218 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-1-20110106 / I:(DE-Juel1)ICS-1-20110106},
      pnm          = {6215 - Soft Matter, Health and Life Sciences (POF3-621) /
                      6G15 - FRM II / MLZ (POF3-6G15) / 6G4 - Jülich Centre for
                      Neutron Research (JCNS) (POF3-623)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6215 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G15 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G4},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)KWS1-20140101 / EXP:(DE-MLZ)KWS2-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000370188900010},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.polymer.2016.01.012},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/824276},
}