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@ARTICLE{Bambach:824364,
      author       = {Bambach, Margarita D. and Bleck, Wolfgang and Kramer,
                      Hendrik S. and Klein, Marcus and Eifler, Dietmar and Beck,
                      Tilmann and Surm, Holger and Zoch, Hans-Werner and Hoffmann,
                      Franz and Radulescu, Aurel},
      title        = {{T}ailoring the {H}ardening {B}ehavior of 18{C}r{N}i{M}o7-6
                      via {C}u {A}lloying},
      journal      = {Steel research international},
      volume       = {87},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {1611-3683},
      address      = {Weinheim},
      publisher    = {Wiley-VCH73294},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-06964},
      pages        = {550-561},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {In order to improve the rolling contact fatigue (RCF)
                      behavior of gear steels, a concept to increase their damage
                      tolerance is developed alternatively to the conventional
                      approach of improving the degree of steel cleanliness. For
                      that purpose, Cu is used as a main alloying element in order
                      to trigger the precipitation of nano-sized Cu precipitates
                      which shall improve the strain-hardening rate of the
                      martensitic matrix of Cu-alloyed 18CrNiMo7-6 steel
                      surrounding a non-metallic inclusion during plastic
                      deformation. In this way, early component failure may be
                      avoided and the maintenance costs of, e.g., wind energy
                      converters may be kept low. The experimental analysis shows
                      that nano-sized Cu precipitates influence the material's
                      strength, ductility, and strain-hardening behavior under
                      tension, depending on their coherence. Among others, the
                      latter is related to strain-induced martensitic
                      transformation of coherent Cu. The structure of the Cu
                      precipitates is studied by TEM and SANS analysis. The
                      Cu-alloyed steel also shows an increased
                      hardening-exponentCHT studied by cyclic hardness test (CHT)
                      PHYBALCHT. Fatigue tests of specimens with coherent
                      precipitates show cyclic hardening until a critical stress
                      amplitude. Above that, stress amplitude cyclic softening is
                      detected. An increased damage tolerance could be obtained
                      for a 1 $mass-\%$ Cu-alloyed 18CrNiMo7-6 steel.},
      cin          = {JCNS-FRM-II / JCNS-1},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-FRM-II-20110218 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-1-20110106},
      pnm          = {6G15 - FRM II / MLZ (POF3-6G15) / 6G4 - Jülich Centre for
                      Neutron Research (JCNS) (POF3-623)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G15 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G4},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)KWS2-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000375688300002},
      doi          = {10.1002/srin.201500129},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/824364},
}