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@ARTICLE{Gueting:824574,
      author       = {Gueting, Nils and Vienken, Thomas and Klotzsche, Anja and
                      van der Kruk, Jan and Vanderborght, Jan and Caers, Jef and
                      Vereecken, Harry and Englert, Andreas},
      title        = {{H}igh resolution aquifer characterization using crosshole
                      {GPR} full-waveform tomography: {C}omparison with
                      direct-push and tracer test data},
      journal      = {Water resources research},
      volume       = {53},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {0043-1397},
      address      = {[New York]},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-07144},
      pages        = {49–72},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Limited knowledge about the spatial distribution of aquifer
                      properties typically constrains our ability to predict
                      subsurface flow and transport. Here we investigate the value
                      of using high resolution full-waveform inversion of
                      cross-borehole ground penetrating radar (GPR) data for
                      aquifer characterization. By stitching together GPR
                      tomograms from multiple adjacent crosshole planes, we are
                      able to image, with a decimeter scale resolution, the
                      dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity of an
                      alluvial aquifer along cross sections of 50 m length and 10
                      m depth. A logistic regression model is employed to predict
                      the spatial distribution of lithological facies on the basis
                      of the GPR results. Vertical profiles of porosity and
                      hydraulic conductivity from direct-push, flowmeter and grain
                      size data suggest that the GPR predicted facies
                      classification is meaningful with regard to porosity and
                      hydraulic conductivity, even though the distributions of
                      individual facies show some overlap and the absolute
                      hydraulic conductivities from the different methods
                      (direct-push, flowmeter, grain size) differ up to
                      approximately one order of magnitude. Comparison of the GPR
                      predicted facies architecture with tracer test data suggests
                      that the plume splitting observed in a tracer experiment was
                      caused by a hydraulically low-conductive sand layer with a
                      thickness of only a few decimeters. Because this sand layer
                      is identified by GPR full-waveform inversion but not by
                      conventional GPR ray-based inversion we conclude that the
                      improvement in spatial resolution due to full-waveform
                      inversion is crucial to detect small-scale aquifer
                      structures that are highly relevant for solute transport.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000394911200004},
      doi          = {10.1002/2016WR019498},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/824574},
}