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@ARTICLE{Xu:825811,
      author       = {Xu, Liangfei and Hu, Junming and Fang, Chuan and Cheng,
                      Siliang and Li, Jianqiu and Ouyang, Minggao and Lehnert,
                      Werner},
      title        = {{N}onlinear observation of internal states on the cathode
                      side of fuel cell systems based on a high-order sliding-mode
                      algrorithm},
      journal      = {Journal of power sources},
      volume       = {356},
      issn         = {0378-7753},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-00113},
      pages        = {56 - 71},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {A scheme for designing a second-order sliding-mode (SOSM)
                      observer that estimates critical internal states on the
                      cathode side of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel
                      cell system is presented. A nonlinear, isothermal dynamic
                      model for the cathode side and a membrane electrolyte
                      assembly are first described. A nonlinear observer topology
                      based on an SOSM algorithm is then introduced, and equations
                      for the SOSM observer deduced. Online calculation of the
                      inverse matrix produces numerical errors, so a modified
                      matrix is introduced to eliminate the negative effects of
                      these on the observer. The simulation results indicate that
                      the SOSM observer performs well for the gas partial
                      pressures and air stoichiometry. The estimation results
                      follow the simulated values in the model with relative
                      errors within $2\%$ at stable status. Large errors occur
                      during the fast dynamic processes (<1 s). Moreover, the
                      nonlinear observer shows good robustness against variations
                      in the initial values of the internal states, but less
                      robustness against variations in system parameters. The
                      partial pressures are more sensitive than the air
                      stoichiometry to system parameters. Finally, the order of
                      effects of parameter uncertainties on the estimation results
                      is outlined and analyzed.},
      cin          = {IEK-3},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013},
      pnm          = {135 - Fuel Cells (POF3-135)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-135},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000402342700007},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.04.068},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/825811},
}