% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Gan:825922,
      author       = {Gan, Lin and Rudi, Stefan and Cui, Chunhua and Heggen, Marc
                      and Strasser, Peter},
      title        = {{S}ize-controlled synthesis of sub-10 nm {P}t{N}i3 alloy
                      nanoparticles and their unusual volcano-shaped
                      size-dependence of {ORR} electrocatalysis},
      journal      = {Small},
      volume       = {12},
      number       = {23},
      issn         = {1613-6810},
      address      = {Weinheim},
      publisher    = {Wiley-VCH},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-00201},
      pages        = {3189 - 3196},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Dealloyed Pt bimetallic core–shell catalysts derived from
                      low-Pt bimetallic alloy nanoparticles (e.g, PtNi3) have
                      recently shown unprecedented activity and stability on the
                      cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) under realistic
                      fuel cell conditions and become today's catalyst of choice
                      for commercialization of automobile fuel cells. A critical
                      step toward this breakthrough is to control their particle
                      size below a critical value (≈10 nm) to suppress
                      nanoporosity formation and hence reduce significant base
                      metal (e.g., Ni) leaching under the corrosive ORR condition.
                      Fine size control of the sub-10 nm PtNi3 nanoparticles and
                      understanding their size dependent ORR electrocatalysis are
                      crucial to further improve their ORR activity and stability
                      yet still remain unexplored. A robust synthetic approach is
                      presented here for size-controlled PtNi3 nanoparticles
                      between 3 and 10 nm while keeping a constant particle
                      composition and their size-selected growth mechanism is
                      studied comprehensively. This enables us to address their
                      size-dependent ORR activities and stabilities for the first
                      time. Contrary to the previously established monotonic
                      increase of ORR specific activity and stability with
                      increasing particle size on Pt and Pt-rich bimetallic
                      nanoparticles, the Pt-poor PtNi3 nanoparticles exhibit an
                      unusual “volcano-shaped” size dependence, showing the
                      highest ORR activity and stability at the particle sizes
                      between 6 and 8 nm due to their highest Ni retention during
                      long-term catalyst aging. The results of this study provide
                      important practical guidelines for the size selection of the
                      low Pt bimetallic ORR electrocatalysts with further improved
                      durably high activity.},
      cin          = {PGI-5},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-5-20110106},
      pnm          = {143 - Controlling Configuration-Based Phenomena (POF3-143)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-143},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000378654700014},
      doi          = {10.1002/smll.201600027},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/825922},
}