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@ARTICLE{Schiwy:825924,
      author       = {Schiwy, Andreas and Maes, Hanna M. and Koske, Daniel and
                      Flecken, Mirkko and Schmidt, Kathrin R. and Schell, Hecko
                      and Tiehm, Andreas and Kamptner, Andre and Thümmler, Silke
                      and Stanjek, Helge and Heggen, Marc and Dunin-Borkowski,
                      Rafal and Schäffer, Andreas and Hollert, Henner},
      title        = {{T}he ecotoxic potential of a new zero-valent iron
                      nanomaterial and its efficiency in eliminating chlorinated
                      pollutants},
      journal      = {Environmental pollution},
      volume       = {216},
      issn         = {0013-9327},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-00203},
      pages        = {419 - 427},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {The purpose of this study was to assess the ecotoxic
                      potential of a new zero-valent iron nanomaterial produced
                      for the elimination of chlorinated pollutants at
                      contaminated sites. Abiotic dechlorination through the newly
                      developed nanoscale zero-valent iron material and its
                      effects on dechlorinating bacteria were investigated in
                      anaerobic batch and column experiments. The aged, i.e.
                      oxidized, iron material was characterization with dynamic
                      light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and
                      energy dispersive x-ray analysis, x-ray diffractometry and
                      cell-free reactive oxygen measurements. Furthermore, it was
                      evaluated in aerobic ecotoxicological test systems with
                      algae, crustacean, and fish, and also applied in a mechanism
                      specific test for mutagenicity. The anaerobic column
                      experiments showed co-occurrence of abiotic and biological
                      dechlorination of the common groundwater contaminant
                      perchloroethene. No prolonged toxicity of the nanomaterial
                      (measured for up to 300 days) towards the investigated
                      dechlorinating microorganism was observed. The nanomaterial
                      has a flake like appearance and an inhomogeneous size
                      distribution. The toxicity to crustacean and fish was
                      calculated and the obtained EC50 values were 163 mg/L and
                      458 mg/L, respectively. The nanomaterial showed no
                      mutagenicity. It physically interacted with algae, which had
                      implications for further testing and the evaluation of the
                      results. Thus, the newly developed iron nanomaterial was
                      slightly toxic in its reduced state but no prolonged
                      toxicity was recorded. The aquatic tests revealed a low
                      toxicity with EC50 values ≥ 163 mg/L. These concentrations
                      are unlikely to be reached in the aquatic environment.
                      Hence, this nanomaterial is probably of no environmental
                      concern not prohibiting its application for groundwater
                      remediation.},
      cin          = {PGI-5},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-5-20110106},
      pnm          = {143 - Controlling Configuration-Based Phenomena (POF3-143)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-143},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:27317494},
      UT           = {WOS:000383930500045},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.051},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/825924},
}