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@INPROCEEDINGS{Frielinghaus:825979,
      author       = {Frielinghaus, Henrich and Helge Klemmer, Uni Köln and
                      Allgaier, J. and Holderer, Olaf},
      title        = {{T}he effect of amphiphilic polymers with a continuous
                      philicity profile on the membrane properties in a
                      bicontinuous microemulsions studied by neutron scattering},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-00251},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Wherever surfactants are applied, it is of general interest
                      to use as little surfactant as possible. However, in e.g.
                      microemulsion systems increasing the solubilization capacity
                      of an amphiphilic mixture is always accompanied by the
                      formation of liquid crystalline mesophases. Integrating
                      amphiphilic block copolymers (so called efficiency boosters)
                      into the amphiphilic film leads to a considerable increase
                      of the efficiency. This effect is mainly due to an increase
                      of the bending rigidity of the amphiphilic film due to the
                      presence of polymer domains on either side of the film. The
                      formation of liquid crystalline mesophases was found to be
                      suppressed at low concentrations of blockcopolymers, while
                      it was enhanced at high concentrations. To break this
                      trade-off between surfactant efficiency and the
                      stabilization of liquid crystalline phases we studied a new
                      class of amphiphilicpolymers - so called tapered polymers -
                      following the amphiphilicity profile going from diblock via
                      triblock to continuously tapered [1]. In contrast to the
                      commonly used diblock or triblock copolymersthe molecular
                      structure of tapered polymers gradually changes from
                      hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The influence of this new class
                      of polymers on the properties of microemulsion systems was
                      investigatedby systematic phase behaviour studies, SANS
                      (small angle neutron scattering) and NSE (neutron spin echo)
                      experiments. These measurements reveal that the polymers
                      cause a stiffening of the amphiphilicfilm while
                      simultaneously the saddle splay modulus increases
                      considerably less such that the formation of liquid
                      crystalline mesophases is suppressed while bicontinuous
                      structures aregeometrically favored. In addition, these
                      findings are supported by theoretical calculations following
                      the works of Lipowsky [2]. Hence tapered amphiphilic
                      polymers not only increase the efficiency ofsurfactants, but
                      simultaneously suppress the formation of liquid crystalline
                      phases, and, thereby, greatly increasing their application
                      potential.The underlying NSE experiments for this
                      interpretation rely on smallest changes of the relaxation
                      curves (of ca. $1\%$ steps) for still small changes of the
                      bending rigidity (of ca. $10\%$ steps). This high
                      reliability of the experiments conducted at the SNS-NSE
                      displays the accuracy of the instrument itself and the
                      latest developments of the evaluation software, which were
                      necessary to interpret such tiny changes of the bending
                      rigidity reliably.[1] H.F.M. Klemmer, J. Allgaier, H.
                      Frielinghaus, O. Holderer, Soft Matter (submitted) 2016.[2]
                      C. Hiergeist, R. Lipowsky, Journal de Physique II, 6,
                      1465-1481 (1996)},
      month         = {Jul},
      date          = {2016-07-04},
      organization  = {11. International Conference on
                       Polarised Neutrons for Condensed Matter
                       Investigations 2016, Freising
                       (Germany), 4 Jul 2016 - 7 Jul 2016},
      subtyp        = {Other},
      cin          = {JCNS (München) ; Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS
                      (München) ; JCNS-FRM-II / Neutronenstreuung ; JCNS-1},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-FRM-II-20110218 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-1-20110106},
      pnm          = {6215 - Soft Matter, Health and Life Sciences (POF3-621) /
                      6G15 - FRM II / MLZ (POF3-6G15) / 6G4 - Jülich Centre for
                      Neutron Research (JCNS) (POF3-623)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6215 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G15 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G4},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)KWS1-20140101 / EXP:(DE-MLZ)MARIA-20140101 /
                      EXP:(DE-MLZ)J-NSE-20140101 / EXP:(DE-Juel1)SNS-NSE-20150203},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/825979},
}