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@INPROCEEDINGS{Frielinghaus:825999,
      author       = {Frielinghaus, Henrich and Szekely, Noemi and Hövelmann,
                      Claas and Jörn Viell, RWTH Aachen},
      title        = {{S}tructure of wood during pretreatment in ionic
                      liquid/water mixtures},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-00271},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Cellulose makes up for most of the material in the
                      lignocellulosic’s cell wall, and it could provide an
                      abundant source for fuels, materials and chemicals. Mild and
                      selective conversion processes would be desirable for
                      decentralized value-generation from the synthesis power of
                      nature. However, the utilization is still difficult due to
                      the composition and the structure of the biomass’ cell
                      wall. Cellulose shows a dense, crystalline structure and the
                      access to these macromolecules is further restricted by
                      lignin and hemicellulose. An efficient conversion hence
                      requires the application of a pretreatment to gain access to
                      cellulosic macromolecules for subsequent conversion
                      processes.Mechanistic understanding of the pretreatment can
                      likely be gained at the molecular level. However, the
                      cellulose in the cell wall exists in fibrils made of several
                      cellulose chains, which are hold together via intermolecular
                      hydrogen bonds. This regular arrangement forms crystalline
                      structures that are a major obstacle in enzymatic hydrolysis
                      [1]. Hence, molecular analysis needs to be extended by
                      structural analysis to monitor the mechanistic steps of
                      pretreatment.Ionic liquids proved to be good solvents for
                      the cellulose and the hydrophobic lignin [2], and the high
                      concentrations of acetate at elevated temperatures around
                      100°C give rise to chemical reactions that constitute the
                      desired pretreatment and improve the enzymatic hydrolysis
                      [3]. Due to the abundance of water in such processes, we
                      systematically studied the effect of water on this
                      pretreatment. Using small angle neutron scattering (SANS),
                      the tissue after the pretreatment was compared to the native
                      wood and a first time-resolved setup was established for
                      this pretreatment.The crystallinity of the cellulose has
                      decayed at low water concentrations, and the cell structure
                      of the wood is rather destroyed [4]. At higher water
                      contents, the crystallinity is enhanced, and the cell
                      structure is rather preserved but cellulose fibrils show
                      coalescence. Apart from that, various methods have been
                      applied to support the results and will be presented
                      selectively. A latest kinetic SANS study completes the whole
                      picture drawn here.[1] S.P. Chundawat et al., Annual Review
                      of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 2, 121–145
                      (2011).[2] J. Viell, W. Marquardt, Holzforschung, 65(4), 519
                      (2011).[3] J. Viell, H. Wulfhorst, T. Schmidt et al.,
                      Bioresource Technology 146, 144–151 (2013).[4] J. Viell,
                      H. Inouye, N.K. Szekely, Henrich Frielinghaus et al.,
                      Biotechnol Biofuels 9:7 (2016)},
      month         = {Sep},
      date          = {2016-09-12},
      organization  = {4th International Soft Matter
                       Conference, Grenoble (France), 12 Sep
                       2016 - 16 Sep 2016},
      subtyp        = {Other},
      cin          = {JCNS (München) ; Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS
                      (München) ; JCNS-FRM-II / Neutronenstreuung ; JCNS-1},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-FRM-II-20110218 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-1-20110106},
      pnm          = {144 - Controlling Collective States (POF3-144) / 6213 -
                      Materials and Processes for Energy and Transport
                      Technologies (POF3-621) / 6G15 - FRM II / MLZ (POF3-6G15) /
                      6G4 - Jülich Centre for Neutron Research (JCNS) (POF3-623)
                      / 6215 - Soft Matter, Health and Life Sciences (POF3-621)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-144 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6213 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G15 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G4 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6215},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)KWS1-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/825999},
}