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@ARTICLE{He:826084,
      author       = {He, W. and Mauer, G. and Gindrat, M. and Wäger, R. and
                      Vassen, Robert},
      title        = {{I}nvestigations on the {N}ature of {C}eramic {D}eposits in
                      {P}lasma {S}pray–{P}hysical {V}apor {D}eposition},
      journal      = {Journal of thermal spray technology},
      volume       = {26},
      number       = {1-2},
      issn         = {1544-1016},
      address      = {Boston, Mass.},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-00344},
      pages        = {83 - 92},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {In Plasma Spray–Physical Vapor Deposition (PS-PVD)
                      process, major fractions of the feedstock powder can be
                      evaporated so that coatings are deposited mainly from the
                      vapor phase. In this work, Computational Fluid Dynamics
                      (CFD) results indicate that such evaporation occurs
                      significantly in the plasma torch nozzle and even nucleation
                      and condensation of zirconia is highly possible there.
                      Experimental work has been performed to investigate the
                      nature of the deposits in the PS-PVD process, in particular
                      coatings from condensate vapor and nano-sized clusters
                      produced at two spraying distances of 1000 mm and 400 mm. At
                      long spraying distance, columns in the coatings have
                      pyramidal tops and very sharp faceted microstructures. When
                      the spraying distance is reduced to 400 mm, the tops of
                      columns become relatively flat and a faceted structure is
                      not recognizable. XRD patterns show obvious preferred
                      orientations of (110) and (002) in the coatings sprayed at
                      400 mm but only limited texture in the coatings sprayed at
                      1000 mm. Meanwhile, a non-line of sight coating was also
                      investigated, which gives an example for pure vapor
                      deposition. Based on these analyses, a vapor and cluster
                      depositions are suggested to further explain the formation
                      mechanisms of high-quality columnar-structured PS-PVD
                      thermal barrier coatings which have already shown excellent
                      performance in cyclic lifetime test.},
      cin          = {IEK-1},
      ddc          = {670},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013},
      pnm          = {113 - Methods and Concepts for Material Development
                      (POF3-113) / HITEC - Helmholtz Interdisciplinary Doctoral
                      Training in Energy and Climate Research (HITEC)
                      (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-113 / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000392060300008},
      doi          = {10.1007/s11666-016-0513-6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/826084},
}