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@TECHREPORT{Bansal:826177,
      key          = {826177},
      editor       = {Bansal, N. K. and Minke, G.},
      title        = {{C}limatic zones and rural housing in {I}ndia},
      volume       = {473},
      number       = {Juel-Spez-0473},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek,
                      Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-00423, Juel-Spez-0473},
      isbn         = {3-89336-008-5},
      series       = {Spezielle Berichte der Kernforschungsanlage Jülich},
      pages        = {287 p.},
      year         = {1988},
      abstract     = {Over many centuries, examples of building design and
                      building techniques have been developed in all climatic
                      zones, bringing forth structures that provide more or less
                      comfortable living conditions without the use of
                      sophisticated technical devices. Most designers in the past
                      were familiar with the climate in which they were building.
                      They were also aware of ways by which they could benefit
                      from certain climatic features, and overcome those that are
                      less favourable, merely by means of appropriate building
                      shapes, location and orientation. Additional elements, such
                      as vegetation and water, were also integrated into the
                      building design to improve the microclimatic conditions.
                      Just as in allother c1imatic zones of the world, vemacular
                      architecture in India generally exhibits considerable
                      ingenuity in the use of locally available materials and
                      techniques, to produce buildings that are weil adapted to
                      the local climate. Many such proven methods have been
                      ignored in the design of modem buildings, which consequently
                      need special means for heating and cooling, invariably
                      incurring high costs for equipment and energy input. For
                      example, this can be illustrated in the context of
                      Rajasthan, a hot and dry region in the north-west of India.
                      The c1imate is characterized by high daytime temperatures
                      and uncomfortably low night temperatures. The solution best
                      suited to such wide temperature fluctuations is to delay the
                      entry of heat into the building, such that it reaches the
                      interior when it is least bothersome. The inhabitants of
                      this area achieve this desired thermal perrormance by using
                      thick walls and materials of high thermal capacity , such as
                      mud and stone. Furthermore, the houses are closely spaced,
                      in order to achieve maximum building volume with minimum
                      surface area exposed to the sun. By these means, a
                      considerable reduction in solar heat absorption is achieved,
                      and it takes longer for the walls to heat up completely,
                      thereby keeping the interior cool during the day. After
                      sunset, most of the heat stored in the walls is radiated out
                      to the sky, while a small amountwarras the indoor space. In
                      a warm and humid climate, the diurnal temperature variations
                      are small, so that materials of low heat storage capacity
                      are more appropriate. Therefore, the people construct their
                      houses with lighter materials, such as palm leaves and
                      twigs, allowing air to circulate, avoiding stagnant humid
                      air and providing comfort by evaporative cooling. These are
                      two examples of climatic zones in India, where six different
                      zones have been identified. Similar climaticzones are also
                      found in various other parts of the world, so that the
                      results of a study of climatic design elements in different
                      parts of India can be equally applicable in other
                      countries.},
      cin          = {PRE-2000 ; Retrocat},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PRE2000-20140101},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF3-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)29},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/826177},
}