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@ARTICLE{Gunkel:826338,
      author       = {Gunkel, F. and Hoffmann-Eifert, S. and Heinen, R. A. and
                      Christensen, D. V. and Chen, Y. Z. and Pryds, N. and Waser,
                      R. and Dittmann, R.},
      title        = {{T}hermodynamic {G}round {S}tates of {C}omplex {O}xide
                      {H}eterointerfaces},
      journal      = {ACS applied materials $\&$ interfaces},
      volume       = {9},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1944-8252},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-00566},
      pages        = {1086 - 1092},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {The formation mechanism of 2-dimensional electron gases
                      (2DEGs) at heterointerfaces between nominally insulating
                      oxides is addressed with a thermodynamical approach. We
                      provide a comprehensive analysis of the thermodynamic ground
                      states of various 2DEG systems directly probed in high
                      temperature equilibrium conductivity measurements. We
                      unambiguously identify two distinct classes of oxide
                      heterostructures: For epitaxial perovskite/perovskite
                      heterointerfaces (LaAlO3/SrTiO3, NdGaO3/SrTiO3, and
                      (La,Sr)(Al,Ta)O3/SrTiO3), we find the 2DEG formation being
                      based on charge transfer into the interface, stabilized by
                      the electric field in the space charge region. In contrast,
                      for amorphous LaAlO3/SrTiO3 and epitaxial γ-Al2O3/SrTiO3
                      heterostructures, the 2DEG formation mainly relies on the
                      formation and accumulation of oxygen vacancies. This class
                      of 2DEG structures exhibits an unstable interface
                      reconstruction associated with a quenched nonequilibrium
                      state.},
      cin          = {PGI-7},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-7-20110106},
      pnm          = {521 - Controlling Electron Charge-Based Phenomena
                      (POF3-521)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-521},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000392037400124},
      doi          = {10.1021/acsami.6b12706},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/826338},
}