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@ARTICLE{Hensling:826396,
      author       = {Hensling, Felix and Xu, Chencheng and Gunkel, Felix and
                      Dittmann, Regina},
      title        = {{U}nraveling the enhanced {O}xygen {V}acancy {F}ormation in
                      {C}omplex {O}xides during {A}nnealing and {G}rowth},
      journal      = {Scientific reports},
      volume       = {7},
      issn         = {2045-2322},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {Nature Publishing Group},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-00624},
      pages        = {39953 -},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {The reduction of oxides during annealing and growth in low
                      pressure processes is a widely known problem. We hence
                      investigate the influence of mere annealing and of growth in
                      vacuum systems to shed light on the reasons behind the
                      reduction of perovskites. When comparing the existing
                      literature regarding the reduction of the perovskite model
                      material SrTiO3 it is conspicuous that one finds different
                      oxygen pressures required to achieve reduction for vacuum
                      annealing and for chemically controlled reducing
                      atmospheres. The unraveling of this discrepancy is of high
                      interest for low pressure physical vapor depositions of thin
                      films heterostructures to gain further understanding of the
                      reduction of the SrTiO3. For thermal annealing, our results
                      prove the attached measurement devices (mass spectrometer/
                      cold cathode gauge) to be primarily responsible for the
                      reduction of SrTiO3 in the deposition chamber by shifting
                      the thermodynamic equilibrium to a more reducing atmosphere.
                      We investigated the impact of our findings on the pulsed
                      laser deposition growth at low pressure for LaAlO3/SrTiO3.
                      During deposition the reduction triggered by the presence of
                      the laser plume dominates and the impact of the measurement
                      devices plays a minor role. During post annealing a complete
                      reoxidization of samples is inhibited by an insufficient
                      supply of oxygen.},
      cin          = {PGI-7},
      ddc          = {000},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-7-20110106},
      pnm          = {521 - Controlling Electron Charge-Based Phenomena
                      (POF3-521)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-521},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000392097400001},
      doi          = {10.1038/srep39953},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/826396},
}