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@INPROCEEDINGS{Watt:827192,
      author       = {Watt, Michelle and Nagel, Kerstin and Fiorani, Fabio and
                      Rascher, Uwe and Wasson and Richards and Schurr, Ulrich},
      title        = {{ABOVE} {AND} {BELOW} {GROUND} {PHENOTYPING} {TECHNOLOGIES}
                      {FOR} {WHEAT} {BREEDING}},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-01390},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Wheat varieties with greater yields arise today mainly by
                      selecting for harvested grain yield in field environments.
                      This approach combines multiple favourable alleles. Gains
                      are slow because the contributions of alleles to yield are
                      largely unknown. The contrasting “pre-breeding” approach
                      aims to introduce a single major enhancing trait (other than
                      yield) into a variety. This approach can take ~20 years from
                      idea to field, and there are few successful examples in
                      wheat (Hall and Richards 2013). Phenotyping may bridge this
                      gap between yield based and single-trait based breeding
                      because multiple traits (alleles) can be measured on one
                      line. Examples are presented where phenotyping technologies
                      quantified shoot and root traits non-destructively on wheats
                      of different genetic and pedoclimatic origins. For early
                      growth traits in controlled conditions: root architecture
                      differed in response to soil water gradients, but shoots did
                      not (Nagel et al., 2015); shoot growth declined in response
                      to reduced N supply, but root growth did not (Gioia et al
                      2015); and leaf area and water use varied differentially in
                      response to drought (Nakhforoosh et al 2016). Field
                      phenotyping during grain filling has shown that shoot and
                      root development vary independently depending on plant
                      stage, genotype and environment (Severini et al. in prep),
                      and spectral properties of wheat heads and canopy are
                      dynamic, requiring time-lapse systems (Ahrends et al.,
                      2014). Hence phenotyping technologies quantify the high
                      degree of variation at important establishment and grain
                      development stages in wheat, and may increase certainty of
                      incorporating multiple alleles of known effect within
                      breeding.},
      month         = {Nov},
      date          = {2016-11-23},
      organization  = {3rd Canadian Wheat Symposium, Ottawa
                       (Canada), 23 Nov 2016 - 25 Nov 2016},
      subtyp        = {Plenary/Keynote},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {582 - Plant Science (POF3-582)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-582},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/827192},
}