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@ARTICLE{Bachmann:827793,
      author       = {Bachmann, B. and Offenhäusser, A. and Wolfrum, B. and
                      Yakushenko, A. and Adly, Nouran and Krause, Kay},
      title        = {{T}hree-dimensional inkjet-printed redox cycling sensor},
      journal      = {RSC Advances},
      volume       = {7},
      number       = {9},
      issn         = {2046-2069},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {RSC Publishing},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-01893},
      pages        = {5473 - 5479},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Multilayer inkjet printing is emerging as a robust platform
                      for fabricating flexible electronic devices over a large
                      area. Here, we report a straightforward, scalable and
                      inexpensive method for printing multilayer three-dimensional
                      nanoporous redox cycling devices with a tunable nanometer
                      gap for electrochemical sensing. The fabrication of the
                      electrochemical redox cycling device is based on vertical
                      stacking of two conductive electrodes made of carbon and
                      gold nanoparticle inks. In this configuration, the two
                      electrodes are parallel to each other and electrically
                      separated by a layer of polystyrene nanospheres. As the top
                      and the bottom electrodes are biased to, respectively,
                      oxidizing and reducing potentials, repetitive cycling of
                      redox molecules between them generates a large current
                      amplification. We show that a vertical interelectrode
                      spacing down to several hundred nanometers with high
                      precision using inkjet printing is possible. The printed
                      sensors demonstrate excellent performance in electrochemical
                      sensing of ferrocene dimethanol as a redox-active probe. A
                      collection efficiency of $100\%$ and current amplification
                      up to 30-fold could be obtained. Our method provides a low
                      cost and versatile means for sensitive electrochemical
                      measurements eliminating the need for sophisticated
                      fabrication methods, which could prove useful for sensitive
                      point-of-care diagnostics devices.},
      cin          = {ICS-8 / PGI-8 / JARA-FIT},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICS-8-20110106 / I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-8-20110106 /
                      $I:(DE-82)080009_20140620$},
      pnm          = {523 - Controlling Configuration-Based Phenomena (POF3-523)
                      / 552 - Engineering Cell Function (POF3-552)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-523 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-552},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000393753200068},
      doi          = {10.1039/C6RA27170G},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/827793},
}