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@ARTICLE{Hoffmann:827865,
      author       = {Hoffmann, Lars and Spang, Reinhold and Orr, Andrew and
                      Alexander, M. Joan and Holt, Laura A. and Stein, Olaf},
      title        = {{A} decadal satellite record of gravity wave activity in
                      the lower stratosphere to study polar stratospheric cloud
                      formation},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {17},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-01953},
      pages        = {2901 - 2920},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Atmospheric gravity waves yield substantial small-scale
                      temperature fluctuations that can trigger the formation of
                      polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). This paper introduces a
                      new satellite record of gravity wave activity in the polar
                      lower stratosphere to investigate this process. The record
                      is comprised of observations of the Atmospheric Infrared
                      Sounder (AIRS) aboard NASA's Aqua satellite from January
                      2003 to December 2012. Gravity wave activity is measured in
                      terms of detrended and noise-corrected 15 µm brightness
                      temperature variances, which are calculated from AIRS
                      channels that are the most sensitive to temperature
                      fluctuations at about 17–32 km of altitude. The analysis
                      of temporal patterns in the data set revealed a strong
                      seasonal cycle in wave activity with wintertime maxima at
                      mid- and high latitudes. The analysis of spatial patterns
                      indicated that orography as well as jet and storm sources
                      are the main causes of the observed waves. Wave activity is
                      closely correlated with 30 hPa zonal winds, which is
                      attributed to the AIRS observational filter. We used the new
                      data set to evaluate explicitly resolved temperature
                      fluctuations due to gravity waves in the European Centre for
                      Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational analysis.
                      It was found that the analysis reproduces orographic and
                      non-orographic wave patterns in the right places, but that
                      wave amplitudes are typically underestimated by a factor of
                      2–3. Furthermore, in a first survey of joint AIRS and
                      Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding
                      (MIPAS) satellite observations, nearly 50
                      gravity-wave-induced PSC formation events were identified.
                      The survey shows that the new AIRS data set can help to
                      better identify such events and more generally highlights
                      the importance of the process for polar ozone chemistry.},
      cin          = {JSC / IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {511 - Computational Science and Mathematical Methods
                      (POF3-511) / 244 - Composition and dynamics of the upper
                      troposphere and middle atmosphere (POF3-244)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-511 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-244},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000395116400003},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-17-2901-2017},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/827865},
}