%0 Journal Article
%A Fasbender, Stefan
%A Allani, Sonja
%A Wimmenauer, Christian
%A Cadeddu, Ron-Patrick
%A Raba, Katharina
%A Fischer, Johannes C.
%A Bulat, Bekir
%A Luysberg, Martina
%A Seidel, Claus A. M.
%A Heinzel, Thomas
%A Haas, Rainer
%T Uptake dynamics of graphene quantum dots into primary human blood cells following in vitro exposure
%J RSC Advances
%V 7
%N 20
%@ 2046-2069
%C London
%I RSC Publishing
%M FZJ-2017-01983
%P 12208 - 12216
%D 2017
%X Human leukocytes obtained from samples of leukapheresis products of three healthy donors stimulated by granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) were exposed to graphene quantum dots. A time- and concentration dependent uptake was observed with a significantly greater uptake into monocytes and granulocytes in comparison to lymphocytes, suggesting a better incorporation ability of cells with phagocytotic properties. The uptake rates also correlate with the cell membrane area. Looking at the different lymphoid subsets a greater uptake was found into CD19+ B-, CD56+ natural killer cells and CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in comparison to CD4+ T- and CD8+ T cells. Independent of the cell type studied, the observed uptake dynamics is consistent with a diffusion-driven process, which allows the determination of cell-specific membrane permeabilities for the graphene quantum dots. The toxicity of the quantum dots is relatively low resulting in a 90% viability of the entire leukocyte population after 36 hours of exposure to GQDs at a concentration of 500 μg ml−1.
%F PUB:(DE-HGF)16
%9 Journal Article
%U <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000395873500047
%R 10.1039/C6RA27829A
%U https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/827951