TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fasbender, Stefan
AU  - Allani, Sonja
AU  - Wimmenauer, Christian
AU  - Cadeddu, Ron-Patrick
AU  - Raba, Katharina
AU  - Fischer, Johannes C.
AU  - Bulat, Bekir
AU  - Luysberg, Martina
AU  - Seidel, Claus A. M.
AU  - Heinzel, Thomas
AU  - Haas, Rainer
TI  - Uptake dynamics of graphene quantum dots into primary human blood cells following in vitro exposure
JO  - RSC Advances
VL  - 7
IS  - 20
SN  - 2046-2069
CY  - London
PB  - RSC Publishing
M1  - FZJ-2017-01983
SP  - 12208 - 12216
PY  - 2017
AB  - Human leukocytes obtained from samples of leukapheresis products of three healthy donors stimulated by granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) were exposed to graphene quantum dots. A time- and concentration dependent uptake was observed with a significantly greater uptake into monocytes and granulocytes in comparison to lymphocytes, suggesting a better incorporation ability of cells with phagocytotic properties. The uptake rates also correlate with the cell membrane area. Looking at the different lymphoid subsets a greater uptake was found into CD19+ B-, CD56+ natural killer cells and CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in comparison to CD4+ T- and CD8+ T cells. Independent of the cell type studied, the observed uptake dynamics is consistent with a diffusion-driven process, which allows the determination of cell-specific membrane permeabilities for the graphene quantum dots. The toxicity of the quantum dots is relatively low resulting in a 90% viability of the entire leukocyte population after 36 hours of exposure to GQDs at a concentration of 500 μg ml−1.
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000395873500047
DO  - DOI:10.1039/C6RA27829A
UR  - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/827951
ER  -