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@ARTICLE{Fasbender:827951,
      author       = {Fasbender, Stefan and Allani, Sonja and Wimmenauer,
                      Christian and Cadeddu, Ron-Patrick and Raba, Katharina and
                      Fischer, Johannes C. and Bulat, Bekir and Luysberg, Martina
                      and Seidel, Claus A. M. and Heinzel, Thomas and Haas,
                      Rainer},
      title        = {{U}ptake dynamics of graphene quantum dots into primary
                      human blood cells following in vitro exposure},
      journal      = {RSC Advances},
      volume       = {7},
      number       = {20},
      issn         = {2046-2069},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {RSC Publishing},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-01983},
      pages        = {12208 - 12216},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Human leukocytes obtained from samples of leukapheresis
                      products of three healthy donors stimulated by granulocyte
                      colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) were exposed to graphene
                      quantum dots. A time- and concentration dependent uptake was
                      observed with a significantly greater uptake into monocytes
                      and granulocytes in comparison to lymphocytes, suggesting a
                      better incorporation ability of cells with phagocytotic
                      properties. The uptake rates also correlate with the cell
                      membrane area. Looking at the different lymphoid subsets a
                      greater uptake was found into CD19+ B-, CD56+ natural killer
                      cells and CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in comparison
                      to CD4+ T- and CD8+ T cells. Independent of the cell type
                      studied, the observed uptake dynamics is consistent with a
                      diffusion-driven process, which allows the determination of
                      cell-specific membrane permeabilities for the graphene
                      quantum dots. The toxicity of the quantum dots is relatively
                      low resulting in a $90\%$ viability of the entire leukocyte
                      population after 36 hours of exposure to GQDs at a
                      concentration of 500 μg ml−1.},
      cin          = {ER-C-1},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ER-C-1-20170209},
      pnm          = {143 - Controlling Configuration-Based Phenomena (POF3-143)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-143},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000395873500047},
      doi          = {10.1039/C6RA27829A},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/827951},
}