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082 _ _ |a 540
100 1 _ |a Fasbender, Stefan
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245 _ _ |a Uptake dynamics of graphene quantum dots into primary human blood cells following in vitro exposure
260 _ _ |a London
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520 _ _ |a Human leukocytes obtained from samples of leukapheresis products of three healthy donors stimulated by granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) were exposed to graphene quantum dots. A time- and concentration dependent uptake was observed with a significantly greater uptake into monocytes and granulocytes in comparison to lymphocytes, suggesting a better incorporation ability of cells with phagocytotic properties. The uptake rates also correlate with the cell membrane area. Looking at the different lymphoid subsets a greater uptake was found into CD19+ B-, CD56+ natural killer cells and CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in comparison to CD4+ T- and CD8+ T cells. Independent of the cell type studied, the observed uptake dynamics is consistent with a diffusion-driven process, which allows the determination of cell-specific membrane permeabilities for the graphene quantum dots. The toxicity of the quantum dots is relatively low resulting in a 90% viability of the entire leukocyte population after 36 hours of exposure to GQDs at a concentration of 500 μg ml−1.
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700 1 _ |a Allani, Sonja
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700 1 _ |a Wimmenauer, Christian
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700 1 _ |a Cadeddu, Ron-Patrick
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700 1 _ |a Raba, Katharina
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700 1 _ |a Fischer, Johannes C.
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700 1 _ |a Bulat, Bekir
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700 1 _ |a Luysberg, Martina
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700 1 _ |a Seidel, Claus A. M.
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700 1 _ |a Heinzel, Thomas
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700 1 _ |a Haas, Rainer
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773 _ _ |a 10.1039/C6RA27829A
|g Vol. 7, no. 20, p. 12208 - 12216
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